how to write an essay kse

A review is usually written for an English-language magazine, newspaper or website. The main purpose is to describe and express a personal opinion about something which the writer has experienced (e.g. a film, a holiday, a product, a website etc.) and to give the reader a clear impression of what the item discussed is like. Description and explanation are key functions for this task, and a review will normally include a recommendation to the reader. var cid='9076139318';var pid='ca-pub-4499122188427069';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-teacherphill_com-medrectangle-3-0';var ffid=1;var alS=1021%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;ins.style.display='block';ins.style.minWidth=container.attributes.ezaw.value+'px';ins.style.width='100%';ins.style.height=container.attributes.ezah.value+'px';container.style.maxHeight=container.style.minHeight+'px';container.style.maxWidth=container.style.minWidth+'px';container.appendChild(ins);(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'stat_source_id',44);window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'adsensetype',1);var lo=new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent);lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId+'-asloaded'),{attributes:true}); from: Cambridge English First Handbook for Teachers

Writing reviews is fun!

OK OK, it might not be as much fun as, for example, going out with your friends or spending a year travelling around the world, but compared to other writing tasks in the FCE exam, such as essays, it definitely feels a little bit more casual and easy-going. So, whenever I practise review writing in my classes my students are surprisingly fine with it and I hope that you will feel confident as well once you’ve finished reading this post.

What a typical review task looks like

I always tell my students to check two things when looking at a writing task: what to include and who is going to read their text. Read the task carefully and underline the key parts. Below I have done all of that for you.

There are also three main points that we have to include in the review: what surprising thing the main character of the book did, why it was surprising and whether or not you would recommend the book.

How to organise your review

Once you have analysed the task, it is time to organise your review. You might already have guessed it, but there is a plan that you can follow every time because the tasks are all very similar.

Plan before you start writing

The different parts of a review.

The main purpose of the introduction is to create interest so the reader wants to find out what you have to say about the book, film, restaurant or whatever you have to write about. You can use a few tricks to achieve that:

11/22/63 – a review What would you do if you could travel back in time? Most people would probably meet their great-great-grandparents or watch how the amazing pyramids in Giza were built, but Jake Epping, the main character of the novel “11/22/63” by Stephen King finds himself in a completely unexpected situation and he has to make a very difficult decision that will change history as we know it.

Description

The best part about the description is that you don’t have to do anything special – just answer the question and move on. Of course, there are some things that (don’t) make sense to include so let’s go into a little bit more detail.

Jake, a teacher in a little town in Maine, finds a mysterious time portal in the back of a ragged diner which takes him back to the year 1958. He soon realises that every time he goes through the portal he gets to the exact same point in the past. Eventually, he makes the unexpected decision to stop Lee Harvey Oswald from brutally killing President John F. Kennedy on 22.11.1963.

It seems to me that Jake could choose many other and more personal things to do, but he decides to try and change history to a degree that he cannot predict. I my opinion, that came definitely unexpected and if I were in his position I probably wouldn’t even consider a task this far-reaching. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'teacherphill_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_12',702,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-teacherphill_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0');

Recommendation

I definitely recommend “11/22/63” to everyone who has already read some of Stephen King’s novels as well as to those who like stories with twists and turns around every corner plus you get some modern history on top of that. For me, it was absolutely worth reading and I’m sure you won’t be disappointed.

How your review is marked

Now it’s time to practice, 2 responses, leave a reply cancel reply.

My name is Phill and I’m an English Teacher from Germany.

I have lived and worked in many different countries and I would love to help you pass your exam. 🙂

Teacher Phill

The Research Paper Factory

Kse Project

In: Business and Management

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY Organization is viewed as a group of persons for achieving its goals. The study about organization is termed as organization study. Organization affects the quality of human life in modern society. The study of organization is thus very essential for understanding the behaviour of human being. Organization can be studied in two perspectives that are micro and macro. In micro perspective, the focus of study is on individuals. It concerns itself with each individual’s psychological makeup, his interaction with other individuals and groups. The micro view of individuals in organization is recognized as a discipline called organizational behaviour. The macro view considers organization as the unit of analysis in place of an individual. It is concerned with organization as the unit of analysis in place of an individual. It is concerned with organizational goals, organizational structure, technologies used in organization and how organization interact with the environment. The macro perspective is recognized as a discipline called organizational theory. Both these aspects taken together to present a complete picture of organizational study. The organization study is a relevant part of our MBA program; this would enable to meet and attain a practical and real time feed of various aspects concern and to relate it to be concept and theory studies in the classroom. This exercise would help the future managers to meet the challenges lying ahead. All organizations are required to handle multiple problems and procedures. The intention of an organization is to overcome these hurdles. Different techniques are being employed by every organization to accomplish a favourable organization climate. It is the study of the culture and sub culture in all dimensions. The study is conducted to know the functions of the organizations. It is conducted in KSE LTD, IRINJALAKUDA. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY * To get an idea about the organization * To familiarize with different management activities * To get an idea about the authority structure and effectiveness of the company * To analyse the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of the company. * To study the functional aspects of the department of KSE LTD. SOURCE DATA There are mainly two types of data are used for this study are: 1. Primary Data * Observation * Unstructured Interviews 2. Secondary Data Secondary Data are those data which are already collected by someone else. They are collected from journals, existing records, and files report of the company. SCOPE OF THE STUDY Scope of the study is immense as it is named at covering the entire operation of plant and workers department in the organization. The study gives an insight in to the day to day operation and management of the organization. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 1. The researcher could not see all the employees personally and hence the research could no collect the opinion of all the employees. 2. The top management was reluctant to disclose matters related to the internal affairs of the company CHAPTER 2 INDUSTRY PROFILE INDUSRTRY PROFILE The solvent industry has achieved a phenomenal progress and at present there are 520 units having overall oil cake or oil seed processing capacity of more than 9.9 million/year. The solvent extraction plays important role in the oil industry. Solvent extraction in India was started at 1945, it had to struggle for more than 20 years to establish it. In the year 1960’s there was a crisis in the coconut oil extraction industry in Kerala. After the conversion from wooden ghani’s to rotaries the cost of production has increased considerably. By using the new method, there were able to extract more oil from coconut cake. Earlier 20% of the oil was retained in the coconut cake, now it has reduced to 12%. When oil industry in other parts of the country was thriving, in Kerala it was struggling. So they understood the need for modernizations of their mills. At the time Dr.P.S.Lokanathan committee setup to study the feasibility of starting new industries in Kerala, recommended the establishment of 3 solvent plants in Kerala and it was also proposed that one should be located in Thrissur itself. CATTLE FEED INDUSTRY There are only few cattle feed units in the country especially in Kerala. The cattle feed industry of the state has been utilizing the indigenous raw materials that is coconut cake which is the residue left after the extraction of oil from copra, which is mainly used as cattle feed. Coconut cake contains 4-5% oil, is generally used for industrial purpose and de-oiled cake is used to make mixed cattle feed. The excess amount of oil in the coconut cake reduce keeping quality of cake used also upset the digestive system of the cattle. Thus in 1976 KSE Ltd enters the cattle feed industry, setting up the new plant for manufacturing ready mixed cattle feed. The last three decades KSE have been emerging as the leader in ready mix cattle feed industry. Today KSE commands, resources, expertise and manufacture infrastructure of a range of livestock feed in high volumes driven by a commitment to high standard of quality. CHAPTER 3 COMPANY PROFILE INTRODUCTION OF KSE LTD KSE LTD in one of the top ranking industrial units in India. Establishment of KSE LTD was the result of continuous effort and strong commitment of a group of people in and around Irinjalakuda. It was very first solvent extraction plant in Kerala. KSE is emerging as the leader in solvent extraction and ready mixed cattle feed industry. Kerala solvent extraction was registered as public limited company on 25th September 1963. This is the first solvent extraction company in Kerala. The company was started by oil millers association of Thrissur in Kerala with the objective of minimizing oil loss. The first solvent extraction plant was established in 1972, which is premier solvent extraction in Kerala. Earlier, roller mills and expeller mills are used in the production of oil, but in this process oil is very high. The technological advancement leads to the solvent extraction process. Coconut cake is used in the main raw material for oil extraction, which is called copra. The de-oiled coconut cake is used as raw material for the cattle feed. The company had made amazing contribution towards social development rural uplifting and has striven for excellence, in the faces of activities. The company has also achieved many awards. KSE is a company having annual turnover of Rs.187 Crores, is the largest manufacture of cattle feed. It was in 1963 September 25, Kerala Solvent Extraction LTD, entered in solvent industry. The oil millers of Thrissur are the promoters of the company. The company commenced its production in the year of 1972 with a solvent capacity of 50 tonnes per day. It provides employment of around 1500 directly and 5000 numbers indirectly. On the road of success there were mainly hurdles. Initially the mobilization of capital cause to main challenges, the future looked grim. But determination and optimism paid off. The solvent extraction plant was setup to manufacture ready mix cattle feed which was a pioneering step. The head office at Irinjalakuda has 2 servers and 40 nodes running the application and other units, in the above 8 servers and 50 nodes. The latest plant at Vedagiri, Kottayam has a computerized control room for monitoring homogenization, size reduction, batching, palletisation, pellet cooling and aspiring system. Awards and Recognitions 1. “Best productivity performance for Cattle feed in India” Award from National Productivity Council continuously for Eleven Years 1996-97 to 2005-06. 2. ISO 9001-2000 Certification. 3. “The solvent Extractors’ Association of India”-SEA Award for highest processor of coconut cake in India, since institution of the award continuously for 20 years including 2009-10. 4. Kerala state productivity Council award. 5. “Top Cattle feed Award” for aflatoxin free feed from “The Indian Association of Veterinary Pathologists” (IAVP) and Kerala Agricultural University. 6. Tamil Nadu productivity Council Safety Award. 7. Animal Nutrition Society of India Award for Company’s contributions for propagation of balanced compound livestock feed in India. 8. Industry Excellence Award from the Indian Society for the study of Animal Reproduction for the year 2001. 9. Entrepreneur Award from the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. UNITS: SWAMINATHAPURAM UNIT Sale of KS cattle feed in selected markets in Tamil Nadu was started as early as 1984. To enable the company to extend its products and services to whole of Tamilnadu, a new production unit was set up at swaminathapuram in Dindigul District of Tamilnadu. A solvent extraction plant was started the very next year. Spread out on 22 acres of land on the banks of river Amravati, this Rs.3.5 crores plant works round the clock. Keyes Forte is also manufactured at this unit. A MODEL Dairy farm with high yielding animals is also maintained in the unit for conducting feeding trials and other experiments. VEDAGIRI UNIT The third cattle feed plant of the company with a daily production capacity of 240 MTs started operation at Vedagiri in Kottayam District, in March 1996. This Rs.6 crores project, fully financed from internal resources, was formally inaugurated on 17th August, 1996. PALAKKAD UNIT Palakkad feed factory was renovated and new machineries were installed to produce Cattle feed. The products from this unit are marketed in the Districts of Palakkad, Malappuram and part of Calicut. KORATTY UNIT Company acquired land from Kinfra Small Industrial Park, Koratty, Trichur Dist. and installed 200 TPD Solvent Extraction plant and 100 TPD Physical Refining Plant with a capital outlay of Rs.14 crores for refining Vegetable oils. Solvent Extracted Coconut oil is refined in the plant and made edible. Commissioned fractionation Plant in March 2009. DAIRY DIVISION KSE Limited has entered in the field of milk procurement, processing and marketing of liquid milk and milk products. “K.S. PAAL, K.S. GHEE, K.S. CURD and BUTTER MILK” have already become popular in Trichur and Ernakulam, Malappuram and Alleppey Districts. Activities of Dairy Division with Two Dairy pants at Konikkara and Thalayuthu are progressing well. Ice cream under the brand name “VESTA’ was launched during August, 2002. New Ice-cream plant at Vedagiri commissioned. VISION AND MISSION VISION: We should endeavour to maintain leadership through quality products, explore the new avenues in the product development and marketing, create a stronger bond between the management, work force, dealer and customer, and contribute to social development and rural upliftments and constantly strives for excellence in all spheres of our activities. MISSION * To become a marker driving company from market driven company. * Educate and train the livestock frames to practice scientific feeding to optimize livestock productivity. * To support the development of knowledge based network on the feed related activities. * To a culture of innovation and creativity amongst the employees. * To be an active partner in community development program. * To add more Ice-cream production units across Kerala in coming years. * KSE, with a capital base of Rs.36 crores embarks on the expansion to double its solvent extraction capacity and add a most modern eco-friendly vegetable refining plant. STARTING OBJECTIVES The memorandum of association of the company specifies 38 board objectives for which the company is established. The most important are: * To produce, manufacture, extract, purchase, prepare, import, export, sell and generally to deal in oil from seed, oil cakes and other oil bearing material to carry on the business of refining and hydrogenation of oil and manufacturing of by-products there from and the traders commenced herewith. * To acquire, erect, construct, establish, operate and maintain oil mills, extraction plants, workshop and other works. * To purchase for the purpose of business of the company, oil expellers, disintegrators filter press, oil deodorizing, washing, dying, bleaching and other machines. * To purchase, manufacture, treat, sell or otherwise deal oil cake, washing soaps, toilet soaps, hair oil and tinned products etc. PROMOTERS Kerala Solvent Extraction limited has been promoted by the persons traditionally engaged in the business of oil extraction, trading in the cattle feed. The Promoters are well known for their quality products. The Promoters are: * Mr. M.C. Paul - Chairman and MD * Mr.T.O.Paul - Executive Director * Mr.P.K.Varghese - Whole time directors * Mr.A.P.George - Director and Legal Advisor Chief General Manager - Anand Menon Figure 3.1: ORGANISATION STRUCTURE Figure 3.2 GENERAL MANAGER AN EXCEPTIONAL RANGE OF PRODUCTS KS CATTLE FEED: One of the all times favourites in the cattle feed. KS SUPER: A Special cattle feed that has won immense popularity. KS DELUXE PELLETS: A bypass protein fed with ISI mark, specially made for cattle with superior germ plasma and high production potential. JERSEY: Protein rich, tasty, de-oiled coconut cake. KS FORTE: An invigorating feed supplement for cattle. SOLVENT EXTRACTED COCUNUT OIL REFINED SOLVENT EXTRACTED COCONUT OIL KS MILK KS GHEE KS SAMBHARAM KS CURD VESTA ICE-CREAM PRODUCTION UNITS KERALA: * KSE LTD, IRINJALAKUDA (HEAD OFFICE) * KSE LTD, VEDAGIRI UNIT * KSE LTD, PALAKKAD UNIT * KSE LTD, EDAYAR, KOCHI * KSE LTD, KONIKKARA (DIARY) TAMIL NADU: * KSE LTD, SWAMINATHAPURAM UNIT * KSE LTD, TALAYATH (DIARY) * KSE LTD, MODAKURICH, ERODE KARNATAKA: * KSE TLD, MYSORE UNIT COMPETITORS In cattle feed sector, competition is high, as government sector company “Kerala Feed” set a plant at Kalletumkkara (Irinjalakuda). They have come up with MSE brand of cattle feed. Other milk making federation of Kerala is also strong competitor of KSE. Other players in the market are Amul, Godrej, Tata, HLL (Gold Maher brand), Mysore feeds, Prima. Vesta Ice-cream has also competitors some of them are Joy, Arun, and Uncle John etc. In the milk and milk product Sector Company have lot of competitors. In fact the company is not allowed to compete the market with its strongest opponent MILMA. Government is showing high protectionism towards Milma. KSE Ltd is given permission to procure milk only from certain areas of Thrissur District and it is only allowed to market milk in Thrissur and Ernakulam District. CHAPTER 4 DEPARTMENTS DEPARTMENTS The company is divided in following ways: * Personnel Department * Finance Department * Purchase Department * Production Department * Marketing & Sales Department * Quality Control Department * Stores Department PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT Figure 4.1 Structure of Personnel Department The workers have the important role in existence and the growth of an organization. So it should be managed carefully. The growth of industries is to larger and complex units employing various categories of workers created special problems. Hence, a separate department specialized in the knowledge of human relations is inevitable. The personnel manager utilizes the maximum individual ability, promotions of team spirit, develop job satisfaction, reduce labor turnover and improve production. And also leads to attain the organizational goals the personnel department of KSE ltd is very efficient and functioning very well under the control of an efficient personnel manager. The important functions of the department are * Classification of employees/workers * Recruitment to all department of company. * Fixing the wages and salaries of employee in consultation with trade union. * Running welfare scheme for the employee. Classification of employee / workers The employees/workmen are classified as permanent probationer, badali, or substitute, temporary and the casual. * A permanent employee or workmen in one who has engaged on a permanent basis by a return order to that effect and includes any person who has satisfactorily completed probationary periods of six months. * Probationer is one who provisionally employed to fill a permanent vacancy in a permanent or temporary post, otherwise than temporary or casual employees and continuous as such until he has been notifies by the management that he is made permanent from the temporary post after satisfactory completion of the probationary period of the employment * Badali / substitute are one who is appointed in the post of permanent workman and the probationer who is temporary absent. * A temporary employee is one who is employed for the work which is essentially temporary nature likely to be finished within a limited periods or who is employed temporarily in permanent post. * A casual employee or workmen is one who’s employment or an occasional or casual nature and who is not entitled to claim for the future and continuous employment. RECRUITMENT The recruitment is done on the basis of the requirement of the company. At the initial stage, an expert will be asked to submit a project report on the requirement & recruitment will be based on the report. The requirement of employee is based on the request of each department. The selection committees consist of General Manager, Personnel Manager, and the Manager of concerned department. On determining the requirement, notification is given on various media. A written test is conducted, from candidates those who are selected in 3:1 ratio to the number of vacancies. Interview is conducted to select apt candidate SELECTION PROCESS Employees are selected strictly based on their education qualification, work experience, technical knowledge and age. The company will do the recruitment by giving the advertisement through: * Newspapers * Employment Exchange * By promoting their own employees based on their performance. WORK ENVIRONMENT Office is general shift. It is from 9am to 5am. There may be half an hour to one hour lunch break. Plant works in 3 shifts. Besides wages and remuneration, the following benefits are given to the employees. ALLOWANCE * Dearness Allowance * Conveyance Allowance * House Rent Allowance * Washing Allowance * Cycle Allowance * Shift Allowance * Canteen Subsidy/ Tea Allowances * Leave Travel Allowance * Statutory Benefits PROVIDENT FUND Employee provident fund have three parts. They are: * Provident fund * Pension fund * Deposit linked insurance The employer provides an amount equal to 12% of employee’s salary to employee provident fund. 8.33% goes to provident funds and rest of the amount goes to pension fund. 5% of his salary to deposits linked insurance. BONUS Company can give bonus in the range of employee salary. KSE is paying 20% of bonus to all employees. LEAVE AND HOLIDAY Company allows & sick leaves for non ESI employee. Company allowed 9 days casual leave for daily rated wages and 11 days for monthly rated employees. Government has notified 4 national holidays and festival holidays. KSE ltd allow all these holidays. EMPLOYEES WELFARE FUNDS Employee pays Rs.20 per month. The employer also pays 20% per month towards this fund. This is utilized to give loan, scholarship for students of employees etc. On the death of employee one month salary is paid to dependants towards funeral expenses. GRIEVANCE PROCEDURE All complaints of individual nature regarding payment of wages, wage calculation, grant leave, overtime, work assignment, working conditions, confirmation, transfer, interpretation of service agreement and other compliments of similar nature arising in the course of employment may constitute grievances and the same shall be redressed in a systematic manner. GRATUITY According to central legislation half month salary for every year service should paid as gratuity on retirement. Company also joined LIC’s group graduate insurance scheme, under this scheme if employees determines to leave before completing his term in office, gratuity will be paid considering his remaining years of work as well. TRADE UNION Trade Union is association of workers formed with the intension to protect workers from the exploitation of employers and also to improve the working conditions. The main objectives of trade union are to ensure better wages, good work culture and conditions, protection against injustice, labour welfare, peace and collective bargaining. In KSE 3 trade unions are working they are, * INTUC * CITU * BMS FINANCE DEPARTMENT Figure 4.2 Structure of Finance Department Classification of finance function 1. Money Management 2. Record keeping & reporting 3. Control function 4. Auditing function Aims of finance function 1. Accruing sufficient funds 2. Proper utilization of funds 3. Increasing profitability 4. Maximizing firms value Scope of finance function 1. Estimating the financial requirements 2. Deciding capital structure 3. Selecting the source of finance 4. Implementing financial controls Source of finance Source means come where the money was come the business there are mainly three source of generating funds. They are: * Share capital * Reserves * Bank loan Accounts department plays a vital role in any organization. KSE Ltd has an efficient accounting department. The chief finance manager controls all function of this department. The deciding of accounting policy and their implementation is the main duty of finance manager. The main function of this department are making payments and receipts, preparation of books of accounts and income tax return, and controlling all affairs of financial aspects of the organization this department thus makes all payments to provident fund, gratuity, employees welfare fund etc. Company has 8 core of working capital. In this 6 core in Irinjalakuda plant, 1.25 core at Swaminathapuram and 1.75 cores at Vadagiri. Company keeps as inventory required for production for 20 days minimum stock. Company pays wages of daily workers in cash while salaries are paid in either cash or cheques as per requirements of employees. KSE follows the cost accounting principles and procedures. Almost all departments are computerized. All work is done by special application program developed for use of the company. The main aim of the finance department is maximum utilization of fund at minimum cost. The following are main function of finance department 1. Payment of raw materials In purchasing raw material 90% of the payment is made on the delivery time. Balance payment is made after checking the quality and quantity of the material. This needs material receives report. Order bill and lab report. It includes item, weight, gross quantity, net quantity etc. If the quality is not satisfactory rebate is charged. 2. General payments This includes stationary charges, telephone charges, ESI, PF, housing loan, taxes etc. 3. Receipts& cheque collection This mainly includes sales receipt. The company accepts sales receipts and Payments in the form of cash, DD, cheque etc. Company has accounts with 12 banks. The company avails credit mainly from Bank of Baroda. Company makes all payments by cheque and receives payments by cheque only, if the amount is more than 25000. As per policy LSE Ltd not allow sales on credit. 4. Salary payment Plant workers will get salary on 6th day of the month and office staff will get salary on 31st of the mount. If an employee needs salary as advance, he can take 50% of the salary another function of finance department is to collect or transfer surplus fund to centre unit. Since from 1976 KSE has been making steady profits and paying uninterrupted dividend and a yearly 20% bonus to the employees. Another important function of finance department is preparation of monthly profit & loss account. This statement called for all board meeting once in a month. On the basis of quarterly results the company statutory accounts are published in the leading newspapers. Thus the financial future of KSE looks secure and bright. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 2009-10 2008-09 Rs.in Lakhs Rs.in Lakhs Sales and Other Income 37227.89 35103.39 Gross Profit 1917.38 1035.39 Profit before Tax 1266.44 500.75 Net Profit before Tax 827.27 320.54 Shareholders’ Equity 3257.45 2803.33 Capital Employed 6419.57 5973.21 Gross Fixed Assets 6956.64 6450.64 Rs. Rs. Shareholder’s equity/share 101.80 87.60 Earnings/share of rs.10 each 25.85 10.02 Dividend Rate 100% 50% PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT Figure 4.3: Structure of Producation Department All functions relating to production is managed by a separate department. The main production of KSE is cattle feed. Production process is controlled by computerized systems using microprocessors. The unit has a well-equipped modern laboratory. SOLVENT EXTRACTION PLANT Preparatory section The raw material (coconut oil cake) is brought here and is cut to size from here oil cake is transferred to the extraction plant through the elevator. Extraction Here, continuous counter current extract is used for extraction. “Hexane” is used as a solvent. Cake is removed in left through the extract while heated hexane at 63-70oC is sprayed on it. It takes 1 hour for the cake to pass through the extract by this time most of the oil cake would have dissolved in hexane. The mixture of oil and hexane is called “Misulla”. Oil is separated from hexane by distillation. Oil is boiled at 3000C while hexane is boiled at 60.2*C. Following this function all hexane from oil is removed. Hexane in gas form is condensed in an condenser and used again. Cake is removed of its hexane by drying in a drier. Before packing this deep-oiled cake a little water is sprayed upon it as hot cake cannot be packed as such. CATTLE FEED PLANT Using the de-oiled cake, which is a by-product of solvent extraction process, starts steady mixed cattle feed production. Cattle feed is produced, using more than 20 raw materials. The formula for cattle feed production is formulated by nutritionist. The formula will exchange according to the availability of the raw materials. Seasonal fluctuations affect the availability and the price of the raw materials. The important raw material used for this purpose is coconut oil cake, soya bean cake, cotton seed cake, maize, rice, wheat barn, and nutrients etc. RAW MATERIALS The various raw materials used for production of cattle feed are as follows: * Maize * Tower * Sun flower extraction * DORB * Rice polish * De-oiled coconut cake * Ground nut extraction * Soya bean meal * Tamarind seed powder * Wheat bran/flakes * Rape seed extraction * Ragi powder * Cotton seed extraction * Molasses * Calcite powder * Urea * Salt * Minerals In the cattle feed production MMCP formula is used, i.e., 4 steps of production process. * M- Milling * M- Mixing * C- Cooking * P- pelleting Cattle feed is produced in two forms: * Mash form * Pellet form The raw materials are mixed and milled together. Mash form requires only these two processes to make it in the pellet form. The mixed raw material is cooked and converted in to pellet form. PURCHASE DEPARTMENT Figure 4.4: Structure of Purchasing Department The purchase department places an important role because purchasing has its effect on every vital factor. Its function is procure material supplier, and service, machine, and tools at most favorable terms consistent with maintain the desired stand of quality. Purchasing is an important function, because for the purchase of materials a, substantial part of the companies finance is committed which affects cash flow position of the company. The purchase committees make important decision about purchasing raw material for the cattle feed production. FUNCTIONS OF PURCHASE DEPARTMENT 1. To give order for raw material 2. To ensure continuous availability of raw material so that there may be uninterrupted flow of material for production 3. To contact brokers all over India to know about market price 4. To purchase proper quality of raw material at reasonable standard 5. To ensure weight of the purchased goods and storing it in proper place for easy retrieval and use 6. To develop alternative sources of supply, so that material may be purchased from that alternative source, if a particular supplier fails to supply the material. Purchase of raw material for cattle feed production is an important procedure of purchase department. Therefore, the purchase of raw material is on requirement for production. The raw material is purchased according to the availability and capacity of go down. The nutritionist prepares the formula for the production and the raw material arranged on the basis of it. The formula is prepared on the basis of availability of the raw material. The other important purchase procedures are placing order, price of raw material, purchase contract and material receipt. MARKETING AND SALES DEPARTMENT Figure 4.5: Structure of Marketing Department The vision of the marketing department is to find project and to give tenders according to the marketing condition and on the basis of the previous project in order to get good turn over for the organization and is also the basis for the future trends in the organization. Marketing department can also study the future trends of the economic condition and government policy in order to respond to tenders. The department has to plan whether to go for low cost or high cost. FUNCTIONS OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT * To conduct market survey for the future requirement. * To make detailed survey on the trends. * To maintain the relationship with customer and their agencies * To maintain good relationship with government Marketing mix Product, price, place and promotion are the factors of the marketing mix. This four Ps are equally important for the marketing of the product. If any P is weak, the products will be a failure. Marketing activities taken place in KSE involves the market survey. Information is collected from the market through the market survey . in order to know the pulse of the market information is collected from various sources like dealers, distributors, competitors, newspapers, journals and magazine and sales force. The important marketing strategies are:- 1. Pricing strategy 2. Product strategy 3. Distribution strategy 4. Promotion strategy Sales procedure The purpose of marketing is to promote sales. The important procedures taken place in the sales division of the department is:- * First procedure is receipt of incident with demand draft * Entering into order book. * Next step is preparing the dispatch plan * Dispatch vehicle is arranged * Delivery order is issued * Weighting before and after loading * Invoicing preparation Sales of cattle feed Cattle feed id bi-furcates into mash form and pellet form. KSE has an exceptional range of products. Cattle feed in mash and pellet forms are divided according to their quality. K.S supreme pellet has got ISI mark. De- oiled cake marketed in the name “jersey copra cake” has also feed supplements “KS forte’. Sales of all products are through authorized dealers. Ex-factory In ex-factory sales all risks are borne by the party from the factory gate itself. In this risk are borne by the company up to parties go down ex-factory sales are common. Customer Induction It is a difficult process in cattle feed industry. The following methods are adopted by KSE in the various situations. 1. Demonstration/customer education This is intended to give first-hand knowledge about the product to the customers. 2. Samples/ free coupon scheme This method id used as an introduction tool. 3. Trade credit scheme In this the customer is supplied with a bag for current use. The cost of this bag will collect along with the supply of replacement bag. This put a moral obligation on the part of the customer to purchase KSE product again. The KSE did away this practice; because of technical reason the dealers are encouraged to do so. 4. Door delivery system In a high competitive market prompt delivery is an attractive one and KSE insist on dealers to follow this method. 5. Exhibition and Mela scheme * Festival exhibitions * Agricultural exhibitions of government * Livestock shows in Wayanad etc. * Diary exhibition – Vetinary college etch Customer service The customer servicing refers to the process of understanding the minds and needs of them and solving their problem gracefully. The product of KSE is supplied to all parts of Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu and strong in rural marketing .The products are segmented and marketed with Different strategies in the local areas. The main advantage is that it is cheap to compare with similar cattle feeds of others like Vijay, Godreg and Kerala feeds. The areas of services are identified as follows; Medical backup facilities It is an essential follow up service. The KSE has employed vetinary doctors to find out the effect of each type of cattle feed in each geographical area. This will have a goodwill effect on customers of the feeds. If any area is disorganized soon remedial measures can be taken the earliest. Counselling The KSE has definite counselling plan for all customers. Redressal cell Majority of the customer are farmers of economically weaker sections of the society. KSE ltd is concentrating on this point and providing instant redressal to such class of claim. Publications To impart latest information and to adopt customers with changing trends. KSE publish its own bulletins and leafs lets to the customer in selected areas. Recognition and training Every year KSE select few members of customers and give them suitable award like ‘the best cattle power”, “largest milk producing cow” etc. to boost the spirit among the customers. KSE also imparts farm training to selected group of workers. MARKETING PROMOTINAL SYSTEM In modern marketing, customer is the king. Marketing is connecting the link between producers and customers. KSE ltd has effective and energetic sales department. Sales management forms to only one aspect of the whole of marketing. Function of marketing department: 1. Product planning Product have the company must have the quality of satisfying the need of the customer. KSE ltd has a vetinary doctor as nutritionist. It is in consultation with nutritionist, marketing department decides on new project. 2. Packing policy Packing has important effecting sales. A cattle feed is not a customer product. Package design decision involves mainly weight of packing, convenient to the customer. Recently small package of 10 kg is introduced for convenient sales. 3. Pricing Price is fixed on the basis of availability of raw material, transportation cost, and storage and distribution charges. KSE has adopted a competitive pricing strategy 4. Market survey KSE ltd has % supervisory agencies throughout Kerala and they give feeds back about the market and customer attitudes toward the product. Based on the survey, KSE makes suitable modifications on product and marketing channels. 5. Some promoters are considered before giving fresh dealership They are, * Social status * Financial backgrounds * Trust worthiness 6. Sales procedure The purpose of marketing is to promote sales. KSE ltd makes an order incident book. This includes date, name of the product; amount etc. so the dealer can mention the product and its quality then sales department will sends delivery order to go down stock given to dealer after security clearance. QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT Figure 4.6: Structure of Quality Control Department Objective of quality control department * To take necessary steps to maintain the quality of products * To take different measures to improve the standards of products * To achieve a better quality level and better conformity of quality KSE has developed a tradition of trust. An on-going improvement in manufacturing process plays a vital role in ensuring high standards. KSE has adopted mechanized production and computerized quality control in its operation. QUALITY CONTROL ACTIVITIES Quality control activities are mainly at three stages: * Incoming raw material * Production process * In finished goods Raw material must maintain its specification. It must contain required quality of protein, fat, moisture etc. Any increase or decrease in these items wills adversely affects the quality. Before using for production process the raw material are checked in company’s lab for good quality input. The formula for the cattle feed production is formulated by nutritionist. This formula includes all specification needed for the product. Only the purest and best raw materials find its way in to the factory. Well-equipped laboratories under the expertise of scientists, continuous supervision by experienced nutrition specialists and the assimilation of international developments. In the field of animal nutrition, KSE has an edge in product development and quality. STORES DEPARTMENT In the company stores department is divided into two 1. General Store 2. Go down Figure 4.7 FUNCTIONS OF STORES DEPARTMENT 1. Identify the material that has reached the recorder level. 2. Storage and proper keeping of the materials. 3. Issuing material to the customer department. 4. Stores all data regarding the storage and supply of raw materials in the computer. Computerization of this department helped the company to save a lot of time and eliminate various records like storage holder. Storage consumption department It is prepared by the store keeper and sends the account department for recording it in the profit and loss account. The consumption of material by each department is shown in this department. CHAPTER 5 SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTH * Experience in the field over 37 years. * Leadership in the Cattle feed Market. * Reputation and brand image of the company for the quality of its products. * Good network of dealership in South India. * Fully computerized plant as compared to the technology used by other manufacturers, KSE has got upper hand. * Good employer-employee relationship; good employee welfare programs and benefits like gratuity, allowance, bonus etc. WEAKNESS * In adequate promotional activities for dairy products, company is giving more priority to the promotion of its cattle feed products. * Employee overhead is high as it is a public limited firm. * Limitations of Management; role of trade unions. OPPORTUNITIES * Financial strength of the company leading to better purchasing power. * Exemption of value added tax on sale of cattle feed, de-oiled cakes and coconut oil enabling the company to effectively combat with the competitors. * Expanding its distribution areas. * Adequate infrastructure can be made available for the production of other animal feeds. THREATS * Competition from other manufacturer of organized and unorganized sector, e.g. Kerala feeds. * Probable entry of multinational entities. * Upward revision of fuel price increasing the price of ingredients manifold. * Granting of subsidy on animal feed by the Government selectively avoiding private manufacturers. * Indirect control of Government over price of milk. * Stagnant numbers in cattle population affecting market growth in future, as cattle rearing are still not very economical. * Import of cheaper oils leading to fall in demand for solvent extracted coconut oil. FINDINGS * The price of several ingredients has doubled during the last 2 years. * The oil cake processing has marginally improved compared to previous year. * There is adequate internal control system so as to ensure safety to its assets against loss. * The company is now catering the Tamil Nadu market also. * In Diary division the milk operation are carried out at a lower level so as to meet requirements of milk and cream for production of Ice-cream with true quality. * KSE ltd to give more importance to its marketing activities so that they can tap the potential and future market * The concerned authority should spend the time to hear the suggestions of their employees and consider their innovative ideas seriously for the development of their company. SUGGESTIONS * The company should pay more attention to the markets outside Kerala. * Customer retention measures should be enhanced. * Company can earn more profits by expanding its diary market. * Use TV Advertisements to promote the products. CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION KSE is the brand leader in the cattle feed, where ever its products are available. The ever increasing popularity of KSE is range of high quality products. They understand the need and preference of the customer. KSE has always been at work to provide the right product, at right price. KSE enjoys the brand loyalty and sizeable share of market, especially in the home state, Kerala. This study always also gives an idea about the performance of the management functions which leads to success. The management practices gave the real picture of the functions like planning, organizing, staffing, controlling, coordinating, etc. The social responsibility of the management, business ethics, strategy, decision, organization development techniques etc. gave the image of the professional management of KSE ltd. BIBILOGRAPHY • Annual reports of KSE ltd • www.kselimted.com • KSE Newsletters and booklets • Marketing review- magazine

Tim and Funding

...Few memories as a failure on a major project from half a decade ago still vividly remains in memories. As a Research Assistant to Tim, it was my first paid job. Tim, an Engineer, worked in silos and had driver social style to his heart beat. He only communicated the expectations without delving in the details that he had in his mind. Even though the Office space was a closed knit space for 16 students, Tim seldom hung out with people to build personal relationships. He only interacted with others when there was a need. His lack of explanation on why the project was needed had left me wondering regarding purpose and design aspects of the new programming project. I struggled on how to effectively design the project and often sought help from other people, who recommended me that the project needed investment in new programming platform as old platform was incapable of achieving the project objectives. After making almost no progress on the project and wasting time in attempts to make old platform workable, I received a vehement email from Tim, stating that XYZ Inc. was deciding to scale back on funding, as no progress reports were submitted. I was shocked to learn that I was even expected to submit progress reports at the end of quarter on the undertaken project in which I had neither any clue nor communication. As an amiable person, I was too quick to reach an agreement with Tim on project deliverables. I had thought that I would be receiving friendly advice and guidance......

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...and answer document, uploaded to D2L dropbox. You will have to find an IT professional to interview on your own. Description of this assignment 1. Each student needs to find a candidate for a Post-implementation Review (PIR) report describing an information systems development project. 2. Where can you find an information technology professional to interview? You will have to find an IT professional to interview on your own. 3. If you work for a business or government organization, you should consider interviewing the IT/MIS director for your organization. If you work P/T or F/T in any reasonably sized organization, it is likely that there are some IT workers around (like help desk staff, programmers, analysts, network technicians or even IT managers). It can even be a friend, relative or acquaintance you know who works in such a job. 4. The following is a list of themes that you could address in the interview: Please do not write this paper in question and answer format. Use the questions below to help guide the interview. ▪ What type of job does he/she do? For whom? ▪ What projects is he/she currently working on for the organization? ▪ What projects has he/she recently completed? ▪ What IT applications has the firm recently implemented? ▪ Were the most recently applications developed in-house, were they outsourced development or were they application software packages that were customized and purchased? ......

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Poo on Women: Is This Bad?

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Microsoft Excel

...For ""Anticipated Project Size"" use your internal metrics as guidance. For example, if you use lines of code, then mentally assign ball park values to Small, Medium and Large as part of determining whether to give this criteria a high or low score. Follow a similar process ""Anticipated Duration"". Since project duration depends on project complexity, mentally categorize earlier projects as short, average or long duration to help put the current project in context. 2. After assigning a score for each criteria, view the Feasibility Study Suitability Indicator to discover the best method to use for determining project viability. 3. Omitted criteria will give an inaccurate result, so ensure all criteria are scored before checking the indicator." Criteria "Score (1=high, 3=low)" Guidelines Business Risk "1 = Significant, high-risk projects 2 = Low-to-modertate risk projects 3 = Small, low risk projects" Technology Risk "1 = Significant, high risk technological risks 2 = Low-to-moderate technological risks 3 = Small, low technological risks" Anticipated Project Size "1 = Large 2 = Medium sized 3 = Small" Anticipated Project Duration "1 = Long 2 = Medium duration 3 = Short" Project Dependencies "1 = Substantial and intricate project dependencies 2 = Minimal or manageable project dependencies 3 = No project......

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Enterprenure

...(EPIEC) . From there he gained a lot of working experience and knowledge which made him to success in his business later . Business Motivation and starting One of the motivating factors was his father’s dream of his establishment in the society and another factor was after the independence of Bangladesh Aminul Islam realized that a new country has been born, therefore, a lot of construction will be needed for the development of the country and that is when he came up with the idea of Project Builders Limited. He proposed the idea to three other recent BUET graduates and they agreed to start with this new business. After the death of one of the partner and other two sold their share currently Aminul Islam is the only Managing Director and Chairman of Project Builders Limited. Vision The vision of Project Builders limited is to make quality constructions and make a strong infrastructure development of the country. Mission Construction of important structure and projects and to become the number one construction builder in Bangladesh. Initial Finance The company was initially started with four partners along...

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...knowledge to serve my best to the organization as well as my professional growth. Academics Relevant Courses: • Completed six weeks course and training in JAVA from SLR Infotech Pvt. Ltd, CHANDIGARH. • Pursuing 6 Months course and training in JAVA from DUCAT,NOIDA. • Completed six weeks course in C++ From ICT, KAITHAL B. Tech Projects: S.No Name Of the Project Description Team Members Roles and Responsibilities 1. CHANDIGARH TOURISM (B.Tech Summer Training Project) It was a software project based on core JAVA. It includes all the places to visit , map of chandigarh , hotel room booking , slides . Backend was based on MS-ACCESS . 2 Coding of Some pages, database manipulation & connectivity and preparing Crystal Reports. 2. DELHI TOURISM (B.Tech Minor Project ) It was a software project based on core JAVA. It includes all the places to visit , map of delhi , hotel room booking , slides . Backend was based on MS-ACCESS . 2 Coding of Some pages, database manipulation & connectivity and preparing Crystal Reports. 3. CRIME FILE MANAGEMENT (B.Tech Major Project ) It was a website describing various departments in crime department. It includes 3 modules WRITER , INSPECTOR , ADMIN. Writer writes complaints , Inspector investigates by watching the record using id’s and admin has all the controls. Platform used was ECLIPSE and backend was ORACLE database. 2 Overall designing of pages & coding of Admin......

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Sharon Construction

...The following case represents a realistic situation facing construction firm that has just won a competitive contract. The realistic conditions complicating the project are described in detail, as are the alternatives offered by the staff for dealing with these complexities. Case The Sharon Construction Corporation The Sharon Construction Corporation has been awarded a contract for the construction of a 20,000-seat stadium. The construction must start by February 15 and be completed within one year. A penalty clause of $15,000 per week of delay beyond February 15 of next year is written into the contract. Jim Brown, the president of the company, called a planning meeting. In the meeting he expressed great satisfaction at obtaining the contract and revealed that the company could net as much as $300,000 on the project. He was confident that the project could be completed on time with an allowance made for the usual delays anticipated in such a large project. Bonnie Green, the director of personnel, agreed that in a normal year only slight delays might develop due to a shortage of labor. However, she reminded the president that for such a large project, the company would have to use unionized employees and that the construction industry labor agreements were to expire on November 30. Past experience indicated a fifty-fifty chance of a strike. Jim Brown agreed that a strike might cause a problem. Unfortunately, there was no way to change the contract. He inquired......

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...FOR PROJECT A Cash Flows DCF (13%) PV 350,000 0.8850 309,750 350,000 0.7831 274,085 350,000 0.6931 242,585 826,420 NPV = 826,420 – 735,000 NPV = 91,420 FOR PROJECT B Cash Flows DCF (13%) PV 300,000 0.8850 265,500 300,000 0.7831 234,930 300,000 0.6931 207,930 708,360 NPV = 708,360 – 690,000 NPV = 18,360 FOR PROJECT C Cash Flows DCF (13%) PV 200,000 0.8850 177,000 200,000 0.7831 156,620 200,000 0.6931 138,620 472,240 NPV = 472,240 – 600,000 NPV = (127,760) Assuming the cost of capital increase to 15%, the new NPV will be as follows FOR PROJECT A Cash Flows DCF (15%) PV 350,000 0.8696 304,360 350,000 0.7561 264,635 350,000 0.6575 230,125 799,120 NPV = 799,120 – 735,000 NPV = 64,120 FOR PROJECT B Cash Flows DCF (15%) PV 300,000 0.8696 260,880 300,000 0.7561 226,830 300,000 0.6575 197,250 684,960 NPV = 684,960 – 690,000 NPV = (5,040) FOR PROJECT C Cash Flows DCF (15%) PV 200,000 0.8696 173,920 200,000 0.7561 151,220 200,000 0.6575 131,500 456,640 NPV = 456,640 – 600,000 NPV = (143,360) At this point it is necessary for one to determine the sensitivity of the change in NPV of the three projects due to the increase in cost of capital. SUMMARY OF NPVS’ CALCULATIONS PROJECT | NPV @ 13% | NPV @ 15% | % CHANGE IN NPV | A | 91,420 | 64,120 | * 29.86% | B | 18,360 | (5,040) | * 127.45% | C | (127,760) | (143,360) | * 12.2% | From the table above it is clear that all three projects had...

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...selected a company in which they wanted to go with. Before the project began there are several things in which both the client and the consultant should cover before making an agreement to enter into a contract. The client and the consultant both should understand the risks of a project, the cost, rewards, and deadlines. There are three reasons for success or failure that could happen with the new project. One is the importance of the consultant competency and fit with the company needs. The consultant should be able to understand the company and what it does and its needs. It’s important In this case the consultant should ask themselves if this is something they are able to do. The second reason is the interpersonal fit between the consultant and the clients. The consultant should be able to speak with the client and feel they are going to be able to talk to them in regards to the business needs. Finally the last reason is if the consultant is able to establish ground rules for the consulting process. Being able to identify the rules before and making sure it’s something they can commit to will help both parties. Fullerton, Johanna; West, Michael View Profile The client and the consultant should both agree on the scope of the project, the project time line, what both parties are hoping to achieve , the client role vs. the consultant role, and finally how the client measure to the success of the project. www.partnercomm.net. When a client brings in a......

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Half Term Revision Dates

Individual or small group student projects.

...Individual or Small Group Student Projects Contacting Community Partners When contacting an outside organization about a service-learning project, you want to make sure to maintain a professional attitude. So how do you make the first call? Below follows a possible introduction to use when calling and making that first contact with an agency of your choice. Hello, my name is _______________________. I am presently enrolled in a ___________course at [name of campus]. My [instructor or Student Success Lead] gave me your name and number. I am very interested in doing a service-learning project for your agency. I want to apply the _________skills I am learning in my _________class to the volunteer position. When can I meet with you to discuss this further? If you have to leave a message, don’t be discouraged. Because many nonprofit and community agencies are understaffed, they might not return your call right away. Persistence is important in regards to making contacts and starting your service experience. More Communication Tips: When speaking to the site supervisor… * Ask about the organization’s volunteer policies and training guidelines. It is possible that you need to fill out additional paperwork with their agency as well as the GU/MSB/UCC paperwork. * Explain the course objectives (provided in your course syllabus) and tell them that you have __ service-learning hours to fulfill for your course. * Tell them your availability. What times are......

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Strategies to Make a Team Work

...slipping they can reach out to that team member to offer assistance or re-assign the project so that team doesn’t fail and that person doesn’t feel picked on by the whole team. It also defines who should be asking questions and for nobody again to feel picked on or singled out by another peer. Assignment of projects and ownership is crucial to this being a team effort that everybody has a stake in the outcome of the project. Goals, both short and long term are effective for setting a timeline on when certain parts of the project need to be completed in order for the next piece to start and to ensure we meet our deadline for turning in the project on time. Setting a regular meeting schedule is a little harder with our team being spread out all over three time zones, jobs and family. Our team has discussed at least posting once a day what is going on and their status. Example I was out of pocket for two days and my team had no idea what had happened to me till I returned to explain that I had been to a funeral out of town. If I had posted ahead of time, the team would have known what to expect and when I would be back to contribute my part. I can already see within my team alone that they have asked questions or worded things in another way to enlighten some things that were not exactly clear to me, so I do see the benefits already of working in this team environment instead of tackling these projects all on as...

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...document is intended as a guide for students to follow when preparing their internship reports. Submit the report to the course instructor (J. Flores or D. Wallace) after completing the internship activity: 1) Title Page 2) Table of Contents • Include an entry each main section as identified below (Introduction, Responsibilities, Major Projects, etc. • Provide an entry for each appendix, i.e., Appendix 1: Internship Proposal, Appendix 2: Documentation of Work Hours, etc.) 3) Introduction • Provide background information on the Company (paragraph). 4) Responsibilities • This should be a generalized description of Internship responsibilities (a couple of paragraphs at most). • Include a statement of the number of hours worked, with supporting documents in the Appendix. 5) Major Projects • Write summary descriptions for each major project, report, employee communication, or training packages developed (about a paragraph summarizing each) • Heading Examples: o Cyanide air sampling project o MSDS Inventory o Lead abatement project o Respiratory Protection Training o Compressor House Noise Survey o Acid tank ventilation project o Ergo Hazard evaluations • Provide examples of your work in an appendix (see below) 6) Internship Summary • Include pros and cons of your experience 7) Appendices • Include documents supporting the report, such as: o Internship Proposal o Documentation of Work Hours  A copy of check stubs showing first check and last......

Words: 311 - Pages: 2

Flextronics: Deciding on a Shop-Floor System for Producing the Microsoft X-Box - Case Analysis

...1. 5 factors that make the decision difficult for McCusker: - Aggravation of both teams: If he decides to use either Datasweep or Virtual Factory, the other team may feel “lost”, which subsequently affect the harmony between two teams. - Time pressure of the project: There is not enough time for further analysis on the systems. - Unusual importance of the project: This is Flextronics’ first global project and its success or failure can affect the company’s reputation and ability to bid for future projects. It is closely observed by internal and external parties. In additional, the relationship with Microsoft is particularly important to Flextronics. - Pros and Cons of the choices: there is no single alternative that can solve all the problems. - Overstated infrastructure: during the bid process, Flextronics made Microsoft thought that a single system had existed in both facilities and raised it expectations very high while in fact the system was not already in place. 2. The criteria that McCusker should consider in his decisions: - Client’s satisfaction: This includes three sub-criteria: meet Microsoft’s tracking system requirements, deliver products on time and ensure product quality. - Employees’ satisfaction: Regardless which decision he make, McCusker have to ensure that employees at both factories are convinced with his decision and coordinate well with each other. - Cost-saving: The purpose of implementing the process at two different factories in two......

Words: 1283 - Pages: 6

Popular Essays

How To Write a Report: Cambridge B2 First

Imagine the scene. It’s exam day. You’re nearly at the end of your Cambridge English B2 First exam . You’ve just finished writing Part 1 – the essay , and now it’s time to start Part 2. So you turn over the page to find three options:

– A review you know

– An article you’ve seen before

– But what’s this? A report??*

Don’t be intimidated. A report is another formal writing task. And it’s actually quite formulaic, which makes it a popular choice for students in Writing Part 2. It’s also a great opportunity to show you can communicate factual information, in a formal tone with clear organisation.

Excited to learn how to write a first-rate report? Good. We’re here to help you every step of the way and make sure you leave that exam full of confidence that you’ve passed.

*Remember you only need to choose one question to answer. Other titles may include an informal or formal email, and at B2 First for Schools there is a story option instead of a report.

Three steps to writing a report for Cambridge B2 First

Let’s begin by taking a look at a typical question for the report.

How to write a report: Cambridge B2 First | Three steps to writing a report for B2 First | Oxford House Barcelona

Step One: Make a plan

Before you put pen to paper and start your report, hold your horses . A plan is the best chance you have for success. Start by asking these two questions:

1. Who is the report for?

Take a look at the reader of your report. It’s normally a teacher, a superior or a peer group like the members of a book club. In this case your audience is a group leader . That means you should keep the tone nice and formal . Try to avoid contractions, colloquial language and keep it polite.

2. What do you have to do?

Look at the question and underline all the key parts. This will help focus your attention on the task in hand and decide how to organise your report.

How to write a report: Cambridge B2 First | Three steps to writing a report for B2 First-Step 1 | Oxford House Barcelona

There’ll normally be two or three things they want you to do and you’ll always be asked to give a recommendation or suggestion.

The structure is the bones of your report. It’s so important because it holds everything together. Here’s one way to organise your report but perhaps you have another idea?

1. Introduction

2. How technology is used in subject X

3. How technology is used in subject Y

4. Your recommendation for which lesson the teacher should watch

The trick is to keep the structure nice and simple. And always check you’re answering the question.

Brainstorm:

Now you have a clear outline, consider the main topic paragraphs and what you want to include. If you get stuck , think about your own real life experiences. How is technology used in your own lessons at school? Make some notes on your ideas.

How to write a report: Cambridge B2 First | Three steps to writing a report for B2 First-Step 1.1 | Oxford House Barcelona

Step Two: Write it

If you haven’t skipped the planning stage, writing your report should be easy. An important thing to add here is that reports often contain subheadings. In fact, in the B2 First exam they are strongly encouraged!

Introduction

Remember that a report is a document that presents information in a clear and organised way. Think about science reports or statistical reports. They have strong introductions that clearly state their aims.

Useful language:

Here’s what a clearly defined report intro might look like…

How to write a report: Cambridge B2 First | Three steps to writing a report for B2 First-Step 2 | Oxford House Barcelona

Just make sure you don’t copy words from the question exactly, and instead try to paraphrase .

Main body of report

This is where we get to the main body of the report. Again, we want to keep it really clear and organised and one way to do that is with bullet points or numbering .

How to write a report: Cambridge B2 First | Three steps to writing a report for B2 First-Step 2.1 | Oxford House Barcelona

However, don’t overdo it. If you use bullets and numbering in one section, avoid using them in the next. You want to show off that you can write well in English and use a wide range of vocabulary and structures. You also want to use some fancy, formal sounding linkers to connect your ideas.

Now move on to your second paragraph. Try to stay general and avoid personal anecdotes. Don’t start talking about what you like to do at school in your technology classes or what you had for dinner last night. Instead, keep things relevant to the task.

A good way to do this is by using passive reporting verbs:

Remember to expand on your points giving reasons for your ideas. And if you do everything right, your second paragraph may look something like this.

How to write a report: Cambridge B2 First | Three steps to writing a report for B2 First-Step 2.2 | Oxford House Barcelona

Recommendations

Here’s the fun part! This is where you can look back at your ideas and give your own opinion. Make sure you mention the ideas from the previous paragraphs and don’t forget to give reasons why.

Let’s look at this sample answer.

How to write a report: Cambridge B2 First | Three steps to writing a report for B2 First-Step 2.3 | Oxford House Barcelona

If you run out of things to say – remember you can mention the weaknesses of the other option.

Step Three: Check it

Now hopefully you’ve written a report to be proud of. The only thing left to do is to refine it before the time is up !

Make sure you’ve:

Sample report questions

Now you’re a master in report writing, why not put everything you’ve learnt into practice? Try one of these sample report questions.

How to write a report: Cambridge B2 First | Sample questions 1

Glossary for language learners:

hold your horses (exp): used to tell someone to stop and consider carefully their decision or opinion about something.

the bones of sth. (n): the structure or main idea of something.

get stuck (v): to be in a position where you’re unable to move.

skipped (v): missed out to move on to the next thing.

paraphrase (n): to say something in a different way but so it means the same.

overdo (v): to do too much of something.

show off (pv): to show your abilities and accomplishments.

expand on (v): to develop an idea.

run out of (pv): to deplete / to be used up.

time is up (exp): the time allowed is finished.

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5 Tips For Reading The News In English

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How to Write an Essay for B2 First (FCE) Writing
Essay Sample Answer · Introduction: it introduces the topic in a general way and it leads to the second paragraph (first idea). · Paragraph 2: it deals with idea
Cambridge English
This guide covers the main writing tasks that appear in Cambridge English: First. (FCE): essays, articles, reviews, reports, emails & letters.
How to write an essay?
B2 First (FCE) Essay: Useful Phrases & Expressions · Introduction · Stating your opinion · Presenting arguments · Describing causes · Proposing steps
How to Write an Essay for B2 First (FCE) Writing
19-ene-2020 - In this article I teach you how to write an essay for FCE Writing. Also, I will show you an awesome B2 Writing Guide!
Cómo escribir un Essay para FCE Writing [pdf]
03-ene-2022 - Cómo escribir un Essay para FCE Writing [pdf] | KSE Academy.
Writing Guide for the Cambridge C1 Advanced Exam
Writing Exam Structure. 1. 1. Two-part exam. Part 1. Essay. Part 2. Choose one: Formal letter/email. e.g. writing a job application or.
Cambridge B2 First (FCE): How to Write a Review
Reviews are included in Part 2 of your writing exam, which means that, unlike essays, you can choose if you want to write a review or instead work on one of
Kse Project
Read this essay on Kse Project. Come browse our large digital warehouse of free sample essays. Get the knowledge you need in order to pass your classes and
ANTI-FLAG SHARE "MODERN META MEDICINE" Video Feat. Jesse
Jesse Leach of KsE. NEW ALBUM LIES THEY TELL OUR CHILDREN OUT JANUARY 6. Incendiary Pittsburgh punk rockers ANTI-FLAG will release their 13th
How To Write a Report: Cambridge B2 First
Take a look at the reader of your report. It's normally a teacher, a superior or a peer group like the members of a book club. In this case your