uf dissertation first submission

What is UFS 3.0 storage, and why should you care?

Best answer: UFS 3.0 is the latest iteration of Universal Flash Storage, a storage standard designed for smartphones and digital cameras. UFS offers read and write speeds that are significantly faster than eMMC (embedded MultiMediaCard) while retaining the same power consumption figures. Think it of as a mobile SSD for your phone.

• Speed demon: OnePlus 7T (opens in new tab) ($499 at OnePlus)

UFS delivers SSD-like speeds on smartphones

UFS (Universal Flash Storage) has emerged as the preferred flash memory standard for high-end phones in recent years. eMMC (embedded MultiMediaCard) is still the most prominent memory standard around — with the Pixel 3a series using an eMMC 5.1 storage module — but UFS offers significantly higher bandwidth while consuming the same amount of power.

UFS was primarily designed to deliver SSD-like speeds on mobile devices. The first-gen UFS modules offered three times faster file copying times, as well as vast improvements in multitasking over eMMC modules. UFS can do this as it is a full-duplex standard, meaning it can read and write data simultaneously. By contrast, eMMC can only read or write data at any given time.

Here's a quick illustration to give you an idea as to how quickly the standard has evolved in just a few years.

UFS 3.0 introduces sizeable gains in performance from UFS 2.1, with the standard now offering sequential reads of 2,100MB/s and writes of 410MB/s. And when you pit it against eMMC 5.1, there's a 6x increase in random read and an 8.5x increase in sequential reads. UFS relies on a dual-lane system wherein there are two channels for reading and two for writing data, and the way it works is similar to that of MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output) in networking.

That's more than adequate for everything from seamless 4K video playback to intensive gaming and all mobile VR use cases. Theoretically, you won't even notice any difference between a phone running UFS 2.1 and one using UFS 3.0. With sequential reads of over 2Gbps, the storage module isn't going to be the bottleneck anytime soon, and at this point, UFS 3.0 is simply a way to future-proof your device and pave the way for 8K video recording.

Your phone doesn't need — or even won't make use of — all of that RAM and high-bandwidth storage, but a few years down the line, it could start to make a difference. What it all boils down to is that devices like the OnePlus 7T aren't going to slow down anytime soon.

More power than you need The OnePlus 7T has everything you need in an affordable flagship. It has powerful internals that hold up to the best phones in the market today, and you get a stunning 90Hz AMOLED panel. There's obviously UFS 3.0 storage, and the base variant comes with a 128GB storage module. Considering what you're paying here, you're getting an incredible value.

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Harish Jonnalagadda is a Senior Editor overseeing Asia at Android Central. He leads the site's coverage of Chinese phone brands, contributing to reviews, features, and buying guides. He also writes about storage servers, audio products, and the semiconductor industry. Contact him on Twitter at @chunkynerd .

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A Tutorial on the Types of UF Electrical Wires

There are various different types of sheathed nonmetallic coated cables for use in electrical wiring for different applications. For example, indoor electrical wiring is normally done using NM sheathed cable, which stands for Non Metallic. Outdoor applications require a different type of sheathed cable, known as UF cable, because of its ability to resist breaking down from exposure to ultra violet light and other outdoor and environmental factors. There are a number of different types of UF cable that can be used, and a number of different specifications related to the UF cable that is produced for electrical wiring purposes.

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Regular UF Cable

Regular type UF cable is available in a variety of different wire thicknesses and gauges, and is also available in a number of different wiring configurations. In contrast to type NM wiring, which is generally off white in color with regards to the sheathing, type UF cable is generally gray or black with regards to the sheathing of the cable. This makes it visibly different from type NM cable and that way it is less likely to be installed incorrectly or in applications where it should not be installed.

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UF B Cable for Underground Burial

For applications where the cable needs to be run underground without conduit, there is a type of UF cable that is made specifically for this purpose. Type UF B cable is made for direct burial underground without the use of conduit or other piping, and is also gray in color and is marked as type UF B cable to denote the difference between it and the regular type UF cable, which is not suitable for direct burial outside of conduit or the proper piping material. Type UF B cable is typically more expensive due to the different materials required to make the sheathing UV, moisture and temperature and corrosion resistant for underground applications.

Wire Gauge and Count

Both type UF and type UF B cables are available in different common wire sizes, also known as gauges, and common wire counts. For example, a 12-gauge wire with a hot and a neutral (black and white) wire and a ground would be considered a 12-2 UF wire cable. A three wire cable such as is used with dryers and higher amperage circuits would be a 12-3 UF cable. In each case, the ground wire is not counted as one of the wires, so there is always one more wire than is noted in the designation.

Maximum Voltages

The maximum voltage of all types of UF wire including UF and UF B are all the same. The maximum voltage set for each of these types of wiring is set at no more than 600 volts.

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How to Submit UF Theses and Dissertations

For information, links, and forms for writing and publishing a traditional electronic thesis or dissertation (ETD), you can visit the Graduate Editorial Office web site.

UF Academic Technology maintains the ETD Help Desk , which provides training and support for student submission of ETDs.

If you have questions about who can access an ETD or want to extend, change, or apply an access restriction for your work, please write to [email protected] .