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What are 3 elements a conclusion must include?

Table of Contents

Key Takeaways

What are the 4 parts to a conclusion?

Terms in this set (4)

Which should be summarized in the conclusion?

After you have restated your thesis, you should not just summarize the key points of your argument. Your conclusion should offer the reader something new to think about—or, at the very least, it should offer the reader a new way of thinking about what you have said in your paper.

What are the elements of a good conclusion in a research paper?

How to write a conclusion for your research paper

What are the elements of a good conclusion and recommendation section?

be written to relate directly to the aims of the project as stated in the Introduction. indicate the extent to which the aims have been achieved. summarise the key findings, outcomes or information in your report. acknowledge limitations and make recommendations for future work (where applicable)

What are the conclusion techniques?

Conclude an essay with one or more of the following:

Is a conclusion a summary?

Summary refers to the concise statement or account of the key points of a text, research or essay. The conclusion is that section of the text, essay or book which serves as the final answer to the research question. To outline the vital points. To arrive at a decision or judgement by giving a reason.

What should be included in a conclusion?

What are all the things needed in a conclusion?

What are the different ways to start a conclusion?

What does a good conclusion usually consist of?

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How To Write a Conclusion for an Essay: Expert Tips and Examples

three tips for what to do when writing a conclusion and three tips for what not to do

You’ve worked so hard on your essay, written the best introduction and body paragraphs known to humankind, and you’re ready to leave it at that. Except every good story deserves a good ending, and essays are no different! You need a good conclusion paragraph to tie things up and send the reader off with new, happy thoughts. But what is a conclusion, and how do you write a good one?

What Is a Conclusion?

In its simplest terms, a conclusion is the last paragraph of your essay after your body paragraphs.

The length of your conclusion can vary, but as with other paragraphs, as long as you keep it around five sentences, you’re golden.

Parts of a Conclusion

The actual components of a conclusion will vary depending on the essay type , but the standard conclusion will include:

That last bit is actually the most important part of the conclusion. It’s where you get a satisfactory ending that has people wanting to learn more about the topic, from you or elsewhere.

Conclusions for Essays, Research Papers, Reports, and Beyond

For the most part, if you know how to write a conclusion for an essay, you know how to write conclusions period. You won’t find too much variation between an essay and other papers, with some slight exceptions.

For example, conclusions for empirical research papers (the type that would get published in academic journals) are more succinct and narrow in their vision, avoiding the addition of any new information. These more scientific papers have their own form and structure with the “conclusion” folded into the discussion section.

How To Write the Perfect Conclusion

There isn’t much to a conclusion, but that doesn’t mean you can ignore it completely. It does take a little time and practice to get into the groove of conclusions, and looking at examples of conclusions  or good conclusion starters can give you a solid idea of what to expect. With a few tips, you’ll be concluding your essays like a professional in no time.

Start With “In Conclusion”

This is perhaps a controversial take. Some writers say that writing in conclusion is too robotic or unnecessary, but starting your concluding paragraph with in conclusion is actually good. 

For the reader, in conclusion signals that they have reached the end of the essay. For you, writing in conclusion can flip the switch in your brain to get into conclusion mode.

If you’re not a huge fan of that wording, you have plenty of other ways to say in conclusion that convey the same idea. You’re by no means required to use it, but it can feel like a softer transition compared to immediately restating your thesis.

Restate and Repeat Your Main Ideas

Part of your conclusion will involve repeating or restating your thesis and the main ideas of your essay. This mainly helps to remind the reader of why you wrote your essay and what you talked about. 

That might seem silly for a short five-paragraph essay , but if you wrote a 10-page paper, chances are pretty good that your reader might have forgotten what you wrote at the beginning of the paper.

Reiterating your thesis statement and main ideas also helps to tie things together. It’s one thing to just present a thesis statement alone in the introduction . It’s something else to consider it in the context of everything you talked about.

But Don’t Get Too Formulaic

At the same time, try not to get too formulaic. That can leave you sounding robotic.

Instead of simply reiterating your thesis, think more about why your thesis matters now that you’re at the end of your essay. How do your body paragraphs feed into that “why”?

Think Outside of Your Essay

You’ve spent days planning, researching, and writing the crux of your essay, so it might seem odd to try to think outside of your essay. That’s the whole point of your conclusion. It considers that intense analysis and critical thinking and connects it to the rest of the world.

So how exactly do you think outside your essay?

Get a Little Cheesy

Essays have the reputation of being academic, formal, and buttoned-up. There’s nothing entirely wrong with that, but it can be part of what makes them difficult for someone to really dive into. The conclusion is a chance to drop that formality and allow for a little emotion.

Think of how bedtime stories end with some sort of moral. That can read as “cheesy” or “corny” in your essay, but it really just translates to levels of sincerity. Providing some sort of broad moral or lesson is a good way to end an essay. This is related to the above of thinking outside your essay, but it’s also an opportunity to show your own voice as a person.

Purdue Online Writing Lab College of Liberal Arts

what are 3 elements a conclusion must include

Conclusions

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This resource outlines the generally accepted structure for introductions, body paragraphs, and conclusions in an academic argument paper. Keep in mind that this resource contains guidelines and not strict rules about organization. Your structure needs to be flexible enough to meet the requirements of your purpose and audience.

Conclusions wrap up what you have been discussing in your paper. After moving from general to specific information in the introduction and body paragraphs, your conclusion should begin pulling back into more general information that restates the main points of your argument. Conclusions may also call for action or overview future possible research. The following outline may help you conclude your paper:

In a general way,

Remember that once you accomplish these tasks, unless otherwise directed by your instructor, you are finished. Done. Complete. Don't try to bring in new points or end with a whiz bang(!) conclusion or try to solve world hunger in the final sentence of your conclusion. Simplicity is best for a clear, convincing message.

The preacher's maxim is one of the most effective formulas to follow for argument papers:

Tell what you're going to tell them (introduction).

Tell them (body).

Tell them what you told them (conclusion).

Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper

The conclusion is intended to help the reader understand why your research should matter to them after they have finished reading the paper. A conclusion is not merely a summary of the main topics covered or a re-statement of your research problem, but a synthesis of key points and, if applicable, where you recommend new areas for future research. For most college-level research papers, one or two well-developed paragraphs is sufficient for a conclusion, although in some cases, more paragraphs may be required in summarizing key findings and their significance.

Conclusions. The Writing Center. University of North Carolina; Conclusions. The Writing Lab and The OWL. Purdue University.

Importance of a Good Conclusion

A well-written conclusion provides you with important opportunities to demonstrate to the reader your understanding of the research problem. These include:

Bunton, David. “The Structure of PhD Conclusion Chapters.” Journal of English for Academic Purposes 4 (July 2005): 207–224; Conclusions. The Writing Center. University of North Carolina; Kretchmer, Paul. Twelve Steps to Writing an Effective Conclusion. San Francisco Edit, 2003-2008; Conclusions. The Writing Lab and The OWL. Purdue University; Assan, Joseph. "Writing the Conclusion Chapter: The Good, the Bad and the Missing." Liverpool: Development Studies Association (2009): 1-8.

Structure and Writing Style

I.  General Rules

The function of your paper's conclusion is to restate the main argument . It reminds the reader of the strengths of your main argument(s) and reiterates the most important evidence supporting those argument(s). Do this by stating clearly the context, background, and necessity of pursuing the research problem you investigated in relation to an issue, controversy, or a gap found in the literature. Make sure, however, that your conclusion is not simply a repetitive summary of the findings. This reduces the impact of the argument(s) you have developed in your essay.

When writing the conclusion to your paper, follow these general rules:

Consider the following points to help ensure your conclusion is presented well:

The conclusion also provides a place for you to persuasively and succinctly restate the research problem, given that the reader has now been presented with all the information about the topic . Depending on the discipline you are writing in, the concluding paragraph may contain your reflections on the evidence presented. However, the nature of being introspective about the research you have conducted will depend on the topic and whether your professor wants you to express your observations in this way.

NOTE : If asked to think introspectively about the topics, do not delve into idle speculation. Being introspective means looking within yourself as an author to try and understand an issue more deeply, not to guess at possible outcomes or make up scenarios not supported by the evidence.

II.  Developing a Compelling Conclusion

Although an effective conclusion needs to be clear and succinct, it does not need to be written passively or lack a compelling narrative. Strategies to help you move beyond merely summarizing the key points of your research paper may include any of the following strategies:

III. Problems to Avoid

Failure to be concise Your conclusion section should be concise and to the point. Conclusions that are too lengthy often have unnecessary information in them. The conclusion is not the place for details about your methodology or results. Although you should give a summary of what was learned from your research, this summary should be relatively brief, since the emphasis in the conclusion is on the implications, evaluations, insights, and other forms of analysis that you make. Strategies for writing concisely can be found here .

Failure to comment on larger, more significant issues In the introduction, your task was to move from the general [the field of study] to the specific [the research problem]. However, in the conclusion, your task is to move from a specific discussion [your research problem] back to a general discussion [i.e., how your research contributes new understanding or fills an important gap in the literature]. In short, the conclusion is where you should place your research within a larger context [visualize your paper as an hourglass--start with a broad introduction and review of the literature, move to the specific analysis and discussion, conclude with a broad summary of the study's implications and significance].

Failure to reveal problems and negative results Negative aspects of the research process should never be ignored. These are problems, deficiencies, or challenges encountered during your study should be summarized as a way of qualifying your overall conclusions. If you encountered negative or unintended results [i.e., findings that are validated outside the research context in which they were generated], you must report them in the results section and discuss their implications in the discussion section of your paper. In the conclusion, use your summary of the negative results as an opportunity to explain their possible significance and/or how they may form the basis for future research.

Failure to provide a clear summary of what was learned In order to be able to discuss how your research fits within your field of study [and possibly the world at large], you need to summarize briefly and succinctly how it contributes to new knowledge or a new understanding about the research problem. This element of your conclusion may be only a few sentences long.

Failure to match the objectives of your research Often research objectives in the social sciences change while the research is being carried out. This is not a problem unless you forget to go back and refine the original objectives in your introduction. As these changes emerge they must be documented so that they accurately reflect what you were trying to accomplish in your research [not what you thought you might accomplish when you began].

Resist the urge to apologize If you've immersed yourself in studying the research problem, you presumably should know a good deal about it [perhaps even more than your professor!]. Nevertheless, by the time you have finished writing, you may be having some doubts about what you have produced. Repress those doubts! Don't undermine your authority by saying something like, "This is just one approach to examining this problem; there may be other, much better approaches that...." The overall tone of your conclusion should convey confidence to the reader.

Assan, Joseph. "Writing the Conclusion Chapter: The Good, the Bad and the Missing." Liverpool: Development Studies Association (2009): 1-8; Concluding Paragraphs. College Writing Center at Meramec. St. Louis Community College; Conclusions. The Writing Center. University of North Carolina; Conclusions. The Writing Lab and The OWL. Purdue University; Freedman, Leora  and Jerry Plotnick. Introductions and Conclusions. The Lab Report. University College Writing Centre. University of Toronto; Leibensperger, Summer. Draft Your Conclusion. Academic Center, the University of Houston-Victoria, 2003; Make Your Last Words Count. The Writer’s Handbook. Writing Center. University of Wisconsin Madison; Miquel, Fuster-Marquez and Carmen Gregori-Signes. “Chapter Six: ‘Last but Not Least:’ Writing the Conclusion of Your Paper.” In Writing an Applied Linguistics Thesis or Dissertation: A Guide to Presenting Empirical Research . John Bitchener, editor. (Basingstoke,UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), pp. 93-105; Tips for Writing a Good Conclusion. [email protected] Colorado State University; Kretchmer, Paul. Twelve Steps to Writing an Effective Conclusion. San Francisco Edit, 2003-2008; Writing Conclusions. Writing Tutorial Services, Center for Innovative Teaching and Learning. Indiana University; Writing: Considering Structure and Organization. Institute for Writing Rhetoric. Dartmouth College.

Writing Tip

Don't Belabor the Obvious!

Avoid phrases like "in conclusion...," "in summary...," or "in closing...." These phrases can be useful, even welcome, in oral presentations. But readers can see by the tell-tale section heading and number of pages remaining to read, when an essay is about to end. You'll irritate your readers if you belabor the obvious.

Assan, Joseph. "Writing the Conclusion Chapter: The Good, the Bad and the Missing." Liverpool: Development Studies Association (2009): 1-8.

Another Writing Tip

New Insight, Not New Information!

Don't surprise the reader with new information in your conclusion that was never referenced anywhere else in the paper and, as such, the conclusion rarely has citations to sources. If you have new information to present, add it to the discussion or other appropriate section of the paper. Note that, although no actual new information is introduced, the conclusion, along with the discussion section, is where you offer your most "original" contributions in the paper; the conclusion is where you describe the value of your research, demonstrate that you understand the material that you’ve presented, and locate your findings within the larger context of scholarship on the topic, including describing how your research contributes new insights or valuable insight to that scholarship.

Assan, Joseph. "Writing the Conclusion Chapter: The Good, the Bad and the Missing." Liverpool: Development Studies Association (2009): 1-8; Conclusions. The Writing Center. University of North Carolina.

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Writing a Research Paper Conclusion | Step-by-Step Guide

Published on October 30, 2022 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on December 7, 2022.

The conclusion of a research paper is where you wrap up your ideas and leave the reader with a strong final impression. It has several key goals:

The content of the conclusion varies depending on whether your paper presents the results of original empirical research or constructs an argument through engagement with sources .

Table of contents

Step 1: restate the problem, step 2: sum up the paper, step 3: discuss the implications, research paper conclusion examples, frequently asked questions about research paper conclusions.

The first task of your conclusion is to remind the reader of your research problem . You will have discussed this problem in depth throughout the body, but now the point is to zoom back out from the details to the bigger picture.

While you are restating a problem you’ve already introduced, you should avoid phrasing it identically to how it appeared in the introduction . Ideally, you’ll find a novel way to circle back to the problem from the more detailed ideas discussed in the body.

For example, an argumentative paper advocating new measures to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture might restate its problem as follows:

Meanwhile, an empirical paper studying the relationship of Instagram use with body image issues might present its problem like this:

“In conclusion …”

Avoid starting your conclusion with phrases like “In conclusion” or “To conclude,” as this can come across as too obvious and make your writing seem unsophisticated. The content and placement of your conclusion should make its function clear without the need for additional signposting.

Having zoomed back in on the problem, it’s time to summarize how the body of the paper went about addressing it, and what conclusions this approach led to.

Depending on the nature of your research paper, this might mean restating your thesis and arguments, or summarizing your overall findings.

Argumentative paper: Restate your thesis and arguments

In an argumentative paper, you will have presented a thesis statement in your introduction, expressing the overall claim your paper argues for. In the conclusion, you should restate the thesis and show how it has been developed through the body of the paper.

Briefly summarize the key arguments made in the body, showing how each of them contributes to proving your thesis. You may also mention any counterarguments you addressed, emphasizing why your thesis holds up against them, particularly if your argument is a controversial one.

Don’t go into the details of your evidence or present new ideas; focus on outlining in broad strokes the argument you have made.

Empirical paper: Summarize your findings

In an empirical paper, this is the time to summarize your key findings. Don’t go into great detail here (you will have presented your in-depth results and discussion already), but do clearly express the answers to the research questions you investigated.

Describe your main findings, even if they weren’t necessarily the ones you expected or hoped for, and explain the overall conclusion they led you to.

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what are 3 elements a conclusion must include

Having summed up your key arguments or findings, the conclusion ends by considering the broader implications of your research. This means expressing the key takeaways, practical or theoretical, from your paper—often in the form of a call for action or suggestions for future research.

Argumentative paper: Strong closing statement

An argumentative paper generally ends with a strong closing statement. In the case of a practical argument, make a call for action: What actions do you think should be taken by the people or organizations concerned in response to your argument?

If your topic is more theoretical and unsuitable for a call for action, your closing statement should express the significance of your argument—for example, in proposing a new understanding of a topic or laying the groundwork for future research.

Empirical paper: Future research directions

In a more empirical paper, you can close by either making recommendations for practice (for example, in clinical or policy papers), or suggesting directions for future research.

Whatever the scope of your own research, there will always be room for further investigation of related topics, and you’ll often discover new questions and problems during the research process .

Finish your paper on a forward-looking note by suggesting how you or other researchers might build on this topic in the future and address any limitations of the current paper.

Full examples of research paper conclusions are shown in the tabs below: one for an argumentative paper, the other for an empirical paper.

While the role of cattle in climate change is by now common knowledge, countries like the Netherlands continually fail to confront this issue with the urgency it deserves. The evidence is clear: To create a truly futureproof agricultural sector, Dutch farmers must be incentivized to transition from livestock farming to sustainable vegetable farming. As well as dramatically lowering emissions, plant-based agriculture, if approached in the right way, can produce more food with less land, providing opportunities for nature regeneration areas that will themselves contribute to climate targets. Although this approach would have economic ramifications, from a long-term perspective, it would represent a significant step towards a more sustainable and resilient national economy. Transitioning to sustainable vegetable farming will make the Netherlands greener and healthier, setting an example for other European governments. Farmers, policymakers, and consumers must focus on the future, not just on their own short-term interests, and work to implement this transition now.

As social media becomes increasingly central to young people’s everyday lives, it is important to understand how different platforms affect their developing self-conception. By testing the effect of daily Instagram use among teenage girls, this study established that highly visual social media does indeed have a significant effect on body image concerns, with a strong correlation between the amount of time spent on the platform and participants’ self-reported dissatisfaction with their appearance. However, the strength of this effect was moderated by pre-test self-esteem ratings: Participants with higher self-esteem were less likely to experience an increase in body image concerns after using Instagram. This suggests that, while Instagram does impact body image, it is also important to consider the wider social and psychological context in which this usage occurs: Teenagers who are already predisposed to self-esteem issues may be at greater risk of experiencing negative effects. Future research into Instagram and other highly visual social media should focus on establishing a clearer picture of how self-esteem and related constructs influence young people’s experiences of these platforms. Furthermore, while this experiment measured Instagram usage in terms of time spent on the platform, observational studies are required to gain more insight into different patterns of usage—to investigate, for instance, whether active posting is associated with different effects than passive consumption of social media content.

If you’re unsure about the conclusion, it can be helpful to ask a friend or fellow student to read your conclusion and summarize the main takeaways.

You can also get an expert to proofread and feedback your paper with a paper editing service .

The conclusion of a research paper has several key elements you should make sure to include:

No, it’s not appropriate to present new arguments or evidence in the conclusion . While you might be tempted to save a striking argument for last, research papers follow a more formal structure than this.

All your findings and arguments should be presented in the body of the text (more specifically in the results and discussion sections if you are following a scientific structure). The conclusion is meant to summarize and reflect on the evidence and arguments you have already presented, not introduce new ones.

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3 parts of a conclusion. What are the 3 parts of a scientific conclusion? 2022-11-16

A conclusion is the final part of an essay, and it is where you sum up your main points and restate your thesis. There are three main parts to a conclusion:

Restate the thesis: The first part of a conclusion should restate the main argument or thesis of the essay. This helps to remind the reader of the main points of the essay and reinforces the main argument.

Summarize the main points: The next part of a conclusion should summarize the main points of the essay. This is a good opportunity to revisit and highlight the key points that support your thesis.

Provide a final thought: The final part of a conclusion should provide a final thought or comment on the essay. This could be a call to action, a prediction, or a statement about the implications of the argument. This is your opportunity to leave a lasting impression on the reader and to provide a final takeaway from the essay.

In conclusion, a well-written conclusion should restate the thesis, summarize the main points, and provide a final thought. These three parts work together to provide a strong and effective conclusion to an essay.

Parts of an Essay Conclusion: How to Write a Good Conclusion Paragraph

3 parts of a conclusion

Review Main Points Following the thesis statement, the speech briefly reiterates the three main points discussed in the speech. The body is the longest part of an essay. In the world of academic writing, the 3 part essay is оne of the most common essay structures. Conclude with a Summary When a speaker ends with a summary, he or she is simply elongating the review of the main points. The conclusion, however, should include a heading if headings are used.

What are the 3 elements of a conclusion?

3 parts of a conclusion

Each paragraph should also include examples, details, and evidence. The conclusion іs meant to restate the main points оf the essay. Lastly, I will examine a series of important findings related to gender and communication. Our experts in essay writing services Essay writing is a challenging activity, and many students become irritated when trying to make a well-structured essay because they lack the necessary skills. Also, you can revise it in a way that reflects the relationship you have established with the reader in the paper. Finally, we can also see how the audience can affect what the media produce, such as the development of relevant and contemporary topics in The Archers in Afghanistan. Each paragraph should also have a topic sentence that connects to the thesis statement.

11.3 Analyzing a Conclusion

3 parts of a conclusion

As the top essay writing service in the world, we have expert writers with subject experience and sufficient resources to provide the best assignment help. Why are conclusions important in science? Can you suggest ways to improve the conclusion? The methods used in the research of media effects on the audience are often stringent and formal; the research by Bandura in a laboratory environment is a clear example of this and, hence, can have a bearing on the results, as they are not in a more natural environment. Just like your whole essay, the conclusion too should involve the thesis. For example, a paragraph might look like this: TM. The conclusion paragraph should restate your thesis, summarize the key supporting ideas you discussed throughout the work, and offer your final impression on the central idea.

What are the 3 parts of a conclusion in the scientific method?

3 parts of a conclusion

What makes a strong conclusion? Yоu should also remind thе reader of the importance оf the thesis statement by repeating the main points in your conclusion. This is a sentence that sums up your overall opinion on the topic. A conclusion typically does one of two things—or, of course, it can do both: Summarizes the argument. However, as with any technological advance, there are definite ethical considerations and worries to consider. When writing an essay and you already have a stellar introduction and body paragraphs that fully explain your essay topic, it is time to formulate the conclusion. Conclude with a Quotation A second way you can conclude a speech is by reciting a quotation relevant to the speech topic.

Three Conclusions

3 parts of a conclusion

It is the last sentence оf thе essay and іt is the final sentence that leaves thе reader with a final impression of the essay. Writing a conclusion can sometimes be hard if you do not have the right strategy to do it. PREDICTION is your specific belief about the scientific idea: If my hypothesis is true, then I predict we will discover this. The main parts or sections to an essay are the intro , body , and conclusion. What are the 4 parts of a scientific conclusion? What is a scientific conclusion? Your concluding line should wrap up your entire work with a synthesis of important details. Also, it is important to always keep the introduction close and use it as a reference.

What are the 3 parts of conclusion? [Expert Review!]

3 parts of a conclusion

Answer to Task 1: The four parts of an introduction 1. Each point yоu write іn the main body of your essay should support your thesis statement. Do not include extra spacing above or below any headings—the entire document is double-spaced. . You should also briefly explain why you think the points made throughout the essay are important and how they prove your thesis. Notice that in an informative speech this type of conclusion is appropriate because we are trying to inform people about smart dust, but would you want to end a persuasive speech in this fashion? Provide a brief summary of the methods you used in your experiment.

What are 3 parts of a conclusion?

3 parts of a conclusion

It all boils down to three main parts : a transition from the last body paragraph , a summary of the thesis statement and main points of the essay, and a closing statement that wraps everything up Apr 14, 2015 · The first sentence of your concluding paragraph should summit to the future, unfolding a scenario that relates. Some quotations will have a clear call to action, while other quotations summarize or provoke thought. State whether or not you ACCEPT or REJECT your hypothesis. Bring your ideas to a close. Three Part Essay Outline: What to Include The main body of an essay іs the most important part оf an essay. Show why the topic matters by zooming out a broader view of the topic.

What are the 3 parts of a conclusion paragraph?

3 parts of a conclusion

You must not restate the thesis word to word as it is in the introduction. All of these devices are not appropriate for all speeches, so speakers need to determine which concluding device would have the strongest, most powerful effect for a given audience, purpose, and occasion. Do you have to restate your main points in the conclusion? Summarize or wrap up the main points in the body of the essay. How do you write a conclusion example? Therefore, providing a summary of all the points in your essay in the conclusion paragraph can help to keep the reader up to speed. How do you write the results section of a lab report? It іs written to give the reader a preview of what the essay is going to be about.

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How to Write a Conclusion Paragraph for an Essay: Structure & Tips

Essay conclusion paragraph outline

Essay conclusion structure:, what to write about in conclusion for an essay, best strategies for writing effective essay conclusions, finally, some advice on how not to end an essay.

Wondering how to structure a conclusion of your essay or research paper to ensure your audience won’t regret they’ve read your piece of writing? Writing a conclusion is an important step when you are working on any written project. A concluding paragraph is your last chance to convince your readers to accept your point of view and make them remember the key ideas. Achieving this goal is not as easy as it may seem and conclusion paragraph structure plays a crucial role in its effectiveness. It’s not enough to restate your thesis statement and just enumerate main points. Read on to learn how to write an effective conclusion that wraps your essay up and closes the discussion in a final sentence without actually closing it off. Think that is homework illegal? Think that writing a good conclusion or an engaging introduction to your paper is too challenging? Our writers will gladly help you solve any writing problem – just ask Homework Helper for assistance.

In an essay conclusion paragraph, you summarize what you’ve written about in your paper. When you’re writing a good conclusion paragraph, you need to think about the main point that you want to get across and be sure it’s included. The number of sentences in your conclusion will depend on how many paragraphs (statements) you have in the essay. A typical essay consists of 5 paragraphs .

So, first thing to come up with - conclusion paragraph outline:

1) A conclusion starter - topic sentence:

2) Supporting sentences - a summary of the main parts of your essay:

3) A concluding sentence (closing sentence):

Before creating an outline for this part of your work, look at an example essay structure . So, you will get a better understanding of every part of your work.

After - combine all sentences to the improved and expanded essay conclusion. And - here you go! Your conclusion is done! But, what about some "spicy" peculiarities of the whole conclusion "recipes" you don't want to overlook in the end..?

It’s critical to structure any conclusion in a way which ensures it conveys a sense of closure and demonstrates possibilities of the topic. Speaking about essential elements of the conclusion structure that are appropriate for different types of papers, we should mention the following ones:

These elements are important and should be included when you write longer academic papers, for example, extended analytical essays with rather complex structures, theses or dissertations. But it’s not obligatory to include all the above mentioned elements when you write an argumentative essay or a business plan. These types of papers have a simpler structure and don’t require lengthy conclusions. However, each piece of writing must include an introduction that presents its topic and a final section that wraps everything up and answers the question “so what?” to help readers see why they should care about the content of your paper.

A conclusion structure of an ordinary essay may be simpler and should consist of 3 essential parts:

Wondering what other things an essay conclusion structure may include? Here are some suggestions:

Academic writing is an essential part of a higher education so every student must complete lots of papers to earn their degree. That’s why understanding how to properly structure a compelling conclusion and what basic elements to include in it is an important skill that all students have to master. We hope that our easy tips on how to write a strong conclusion will help you successfully complete academic papers on any topic and make a powerful impression on your readers. But if you face difficulties when writing college-level papers, you can easily get qualified help with any assignment on the website of our custom writing service. Spend a few minutes to place an order and our experts will provide you with a good paper with a proper structure which was written according to your instructions. Our writers will help you accomplish your academic goals and become a successful student.

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How to write a Good Conclusion?

What is the conclusion.

Conclusions are frequently viewed as the most challenging section of an essay to write. They are, nevertheless, one of the most critical components of work because they bring clarity and insight into the subject. We’ll guide you on how to write a conclusion and offer you an outline to utilize in your next essay in this article.

The conclusion section is your last chance to convince your readers to agree with you and to make an impression on them as an expert writer. And the impression you leave with your readers after they’ve finished the essay will be shaped by the impression you leave with them in the conclusion. As a result, the conclusion of an essay should express a sense of completion and end for the subject.

In a research paper, essay, or article, the conclusion is the closing piece of writing that summarizes the entire topic’s efforts. The conclusion paragraph should restate your thesis statement, review the major supporting concepts covered throughout the paper, and give your last thoughts on the central idea. The main idea of your topic should also be included in this final summary. The “so what” is addressed in the conclusion by emphasizing the essay’s argument and providing the reader with a solution and query into the subject matter that supports why they should care.

Outline of the conclusion

                                            The Thesis statement is rephrased with an original topic sentence.

                                            Summarize the important arguments in the body of the essay

                                            Explain how the concepts fit together.

                                           Returns to the beginning

                                           Brings the story to a close

How to write a Conclusion Paragraph?

Every type of writing ends with a conclusion. When a reader reaches the end of your work, a good conclusion paragraph can change their minds, and knowing how to create a complete, interesting conclusion can improve the effectiveness of your writing.

How to write a Conclusion for An Essay?

The final paragraph of your paper is the conclusion. A good conclusion tries to tie together the essay’s main ideas, demonstrate why your argument is important, and make a lasting impact on the reader. Your conclusion should provide your argument a sense of closure and completion while simultaneously demonstrating what new issues or possibilities it has raised.

So, if we utilize shapes to show the content of the essay, it would look like this:

Knowing how to write a good conclusion is relatively apparent, depending on the length of your essay—you don’t want to simply summarize everything you wrote. Rather, the ending should provide a sense of conclusiveness while also addressing the topic’s meaning and potential. 

Here are five crucial points to consider when creating a good conclusion that will stay with the reader:

How to write a Research Paper Conclusion?

The conclusion of a research paper is the section that links everything together in a logical manner. A conclusion, as the final section of a research paper, gives a clear explanation of your research’s findings in a way that emphasizes the value of your research.

You can use the stages below to help you start drafting your conclusion:

Restating the Introduction

Changing the reader’s focus.

Posing Questions

Bring your ideas to a close., instead of summarizing, synthesize.

Your research paper’s conclusion is not a summary. While a summary can be included in this part, the conclusion is more than just a restatement of your arguments and analysis. Rather than repeating what you discussed in the abstract, introduction, and body of your study, show the reader how the important arguments of your research paper fit together in a logical way.

The way to write the conclusion brings your reader full idea by including the same components you used in your introduction. Retelling the main idea you mentioned in your introduction while establishing a fresh understanding of the issue based on the outcomes of your study that validates your arguments and/or assumptions is an example of how you can restate your introduction.

After bringing readers into your study through your introduction and immersing them in your techniques, analysis, and results, your conclusion serves as a bridge back to the real world. Changing your reader’s focus is a technique to encourage them to implement what they’ve learned from your research study in real life. This approach can also be used to propose a path of action for additional research on a current problem.

Explain the importance of the findings

You might consider the significance of these ideas after presenting the key arguments for your topic. After expressing your key points in your argument, you might discuss how the effects of your topic influence a given result. Similarly, you could provide the conclusions of research or other findings that can help you emphasize the importance of your knowledge.

The motivation for the research is a set of questions. Posing questions to your readers or to the public can assist them in obtaining a new perspective on the topic that they might not have had before reading your conclusion. It could also bring your major points together to form or develop a new idea based on your research.

As you near the end of your conclusion, consider including a call to action or a suggestion that encourages your readers to think about your argument further. This line can also be used to answer any questions that were left unanswered in your paper’s body paragraphs.

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How To Write A Good Conclusion Paragraph

writing a good conclusion paragraph

The conclusion paragraph is what you end your essay or other paper with. This is where you give your reader a brief recap of what they have just read. Of course, you want to have your paper well-written, and that includes the conclusion paragraph. A good conclusion paragraph is basically the one that solidifies the main point of your writing. Obviously, this means that your main point should be included in your conclusion paragraph. You have probably already written an introduction paragraph that you are particularly fond of. As an option, you can just paraphrase it and make it into your conclusion. But let us go into more detail.

Your introduction paragraph is your main source for writing your conclusion. For example, if your writing begins with something like “For me, there are only three movies that were released in 2016.” Then, your conclusion will have a sentence like “The three movies that made 2016 worthwhile in terms of cinema are Zootopia, Arrival, and The Jungle Book.”

If your paper is longer than a typical essay, just recycling your introduction will not be enough. You will have to return to each section or paragraph and summarize it in your conclusion. For instance, if your writing was about pets, then different sections of your paper are most likely dedicated to different kinds of pets. This is why, it is only logical to mention all kinds of pets in your conclusion: “Cats, dogs, goldfish, and parrots are for different tastes of animals lovers, but they can be equally good pets.”

It is good to end up with something thought-provoking. You can offer the readers to research more on the topic themselves. For example, "Many people remain surprisingly unaware of how larger corporations control the food markets." You can suggest or even encourage other activities – such as, "It is not so hard to make a difference. Just go to the nearest pet nursery and pick the cutest little furball!”

To crown it all, the purpose of a concluding paragraph is to wrap up the concentrated gist of your whole paper. This is how your essay is finalized to leave the readers with a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction when they finish it.

UNDERSTANDING THE DEFINITION OF A CONCLUSION PARAGRAPH

THE CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH IS BUILT THIS WAY

THE PLACE OF CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH IN YOUR PAPER:

If we had to draw a scheme of an essay, here is where the conclusion would be:

Introducing paragraph ➔ Thesis statement ←➔ Main body ← Concluding paragraph

WHAT THE CONCLUSION PARAGRAPH DOES:

TIPS FOR BUILDING A POWERFUL CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH

Finally, WHAT NOT TO DO:

The Writing Process: 5 Main Steps

what are 3 elements a conclusion must include

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Organizing Academic Research Papers: 9. The Conclusion

The conclusion is intended to help the reader understand why your research should matter to them after they have finished reading the paper. A conclusion is not merely a summary of your points or a re-statement of your research problem but a synthesis of key points. For most essays, one well-developed paragraph is sufficient for a conclusion, although in some cases, a two-or-three paragraph conclusion may be required.

Importance of a Good Conclusion

A well-written conclusion provides you with several important opportunities to demonstrate your overall understanding of the research problem to the reader. These include:

Conclusions . The Writing Center. University of North Carolina; Kretchmer, Paul. Twelve Steps to Writing an Effective Conclusion . San Francisco Edit, 2003-2008.

Structure and Writing Style

https://writing.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/535/2018/07/conclusions_uwmadison_writingcenter_aug2012.pdf I.  General Rules

When writing the conclusion to your paper, follow these general rules:

The function of your paper's conclusion is to restate the main argument . It reminds the reader of the strengths of your main argument(s) and reiterates the most important evidence supporting those argument(s). Make sure, however, that your conclusion is not simply a repetitive summary of the findings because this reduces the impact of the argument(s) you have developed in your essay.

Consider the following points to help ensure your conclusion is appropriate:

The conclusion also provides a place for you to persuasively and succinctly restate your research problem, given that the reader has now been presented with all the information about the topic . Depending on the discipline you are writing in, the concluding paragraph may contain your reflections on the evidence presented, or on the essay's central research problem. However, the nature of being introspective about the research you have done will depend on the topic and whether your professor wants you to express your observations in this way.

NOTE : Don't delve into idle speculation. Being introspective means looking within yourself as an author to try and understand an issue more deeply not to guess at possible outcomes.

II.  Developing a Compelling Conclusion

Strategies to help you move beyond merely summarizing the key points of your research paper may include any of the following.

III. Problems to Avoid Failure to be concise The conclusion section should be concise and to the point. Conclusions that are too long often have unnecessary detail. The conclusion section is not the place for details about your methodology or results. Although you should give a summary of what was learned from your research, this summary should be relatively brief, since the emphasis in the conclusion is on the implications, evaluations, insights, etc. that you make. Failure to comment on larger, more significant issues In the introduction, your task was to move from general [the field of study] to specific [your research problem]. However, in the conclusion, your task is to move from specific [your research problem] back to general [your field, i.e., how your research contributes new understanding or fills an important gap in the literature]. In other words, the conclusion is where you place your research within a larger context. Failure to reveal problems and negative results Negative aspects of the research process should never be ignored. Problems, drawbacks, and challenges encountered during your study should be included as a way of qualifying your overall conclusions. If you encountered negative results [findings that are validated outside the research context in which they were generated], you must report them in the results section of your paper. In the conclusion, use the negative results as an opportunity to explain how they provide information on which future research can be based. Failure to provide a clear summary of what was learned In order to be able to discuss how your research fits back into your field of study [and possibly the world at large], you need to summarize it briefly and directly. Often this element of your conclusion is only a few sentences long. Failure to match the objectives of your research Often research objectives change while the research is being carried out. This is not a problem unless you forget to go back and refine your original objectives in your introduction, as these changes emerge they must be documented so that they accurately reflect what you were trying to accomplish in your research [not what you thought you might accomplish when you began].

Resist the urge to apologize If you've immersed yourself in studying the research problem, you now know a good deal about it, perhaps even more than your professor! Nevertheless, by the time you have finished writing, you may be having some doubts about what you have produced. Repress those doubts!  Don't undermine your authority by saying something like, "This is just one approach to examining this problem; there may be other, much better approaches...."

Concluding Paragraphs. College Writing Center at Meramec. St. Louis Community College; Conclusions . The Writing Center. University of North Carolina; Conclusions . The Writing Lab and The OWL. Purdue University; Freedman, Leora  and Jerry Plotnick. Introductions and Conclusions . The Lab Report. University College Writing Centre. University of Toronto; Leibensperger, Summer. Draft Your Conclusion. Academic Center, the University of Houston-Victoria, 2003; Make Your Last Words Count . The Writer’s Handbook. Writing Center. University of Wisconsin, Madison; Tips for Writing a Good Conclusion . [email protected] Colorado State University; Kretchmer, Paul. Twelve Steps to Writing an Effective Conclusion . San Francisco Edit, 2003-2008; Writing Conclusions . Writing Tutorial Services, Center for Innovative Teaching and Learning. Indiana University; Writing: Considering Structure and Organization . Institute for Writing Rhetoric. Dartmouth College.

Writing Tip

Don't Belabor the Obvious!

Avoid phrases like "in conclusion...," "in summary...," or "in closing...." These phrases can be useful, even welcome, in oral presentations. But readers can see by the tell-tale section heading and number of pages remaining to read, when an essay is about to end. You'll irritate your readers if you belabor the obvious.

Another Writing Tip

New Insight, Not New Information!

Don't surprise the reader with new information in your Conclusion that was never referenced anywhere else in the paper. If you have new information to present, add it to the Discussion or other appropriate section of the paper.  Note that, although no actual new information is introduced, the conclusion is where you offer your most "original" contributions in the paper; it's where you describe the value of your research, demonstrate your understanding of the material that you’ve presented, and locate your findings within the larger context of scholarship on the topic.

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Which essay elements build academic conclusions?

what are 3 elements a conclusion must include

This is the second of three chapters about Writing Concluding Paragraphs . To complete this reader, read each chapter carefully and then unlock and complete our materials to check your understanding.   

– Review the purpose of concluding paragraphs

– Explore the four key concluding elements in depth

– Include examples of each element to help guide the reader

Chapter 1: What is the purpose of a concluding paragraph?

Chapter 2: Which essay elements build academic conclusions?

Chapter 3: What are 10 tips for writing effective conclusions?

Before you begin reading...

what are 3 elements a conclusion must include

In Chapter 1 of this short reader on concluding paragraphs , we discussed the purpose of finishing an essay with a carefully crafted conclusion and highlighted the importance of getting this final paragraph just right. Leave a good last impression on your readers and they should recall the rest of your essay more fondly. In Chapter 2, we now turn our attention to the four common concluding elements, namely the thesis restatement , summary of ideas , research gaps and recommendations .  Not all conclusions have to have these four elements, but those that have at least two or three are more likely to succeed.

Element 1: Thesis Restatements

The  thesis restatement   of a  conclusion   is much like the  thesis statement   in the  introduction of an essay in that it introduces the essay’s topic and the writer’s stance , often outlining also the key main ideas explored in the body section :  

what are 3 elements a conclusion must include

A thesis restatement then is a paraphrase  of the original statement in that it uses different words (such as synonyms ) or word orders and grammar to express the same ideas. Notably, the tense  and aspect of these two corresponding statements should also be different to reflect the different stages of the essay, with the original statement often being present simple and the restatement being present perfect.

However, a good thesis restatement should not only paraphrase the original as in the previous example. In addition to using different words and grammar, a thesis restatement should also demonstrate a deeper understanding of the topic:

what are 3 elements a conclusion must include

Element 2: Summary of Ideas

Following the thesis restatement , most students are then advised to add a brief summary of ideas to their conclusion . In short, this is when the reader is reminded of the main ideas presented in the topic sentence   of each body paragraph , including also of some of the most salient supporting details :

what are 3 elements a conclusion must include

One error that many students make when constructing this element, however, is that they try to introduce new claims or evidence and this is rarely appropriate or recommended in a conclusion. The conclusion should simply remind the reader of what was introduced in the introduction and debated in the body section of the essay, tying these elements together as best as possible with a shared them. There is no room to provide supporting information for any new main ideas in a conclusion and doing so will likely only confuse your reader and ultimately lower your grade.

what are 3 elements a conclusion must include

Element 3: Research Gaps

Next are research gaps , which are generally more necessary in longer essays than in shorter ones – as this is where the writer concedes to flaws or limitations in their (often primary) research. It is important that students remember to consider the scope of every essay they write. Some students attempt to complete a master’s sized dissertation in their bachelor’s degree for example, or choose a topic that has PhD thesis scope during an undergraduate degree. Consider what can and cannot be achieved in an essay by judging its length and academic level, and inform the reader concisely and clearly of which avenues must still be investigated before a solid conclusion can be reached:

what are 3 elements a conclusion must include

Research gaps are particularly useful for researchers because they provide ideas for original research, which is a key aspect of master’s, PhD and post-doctoral research.

Element 4: Recommendations

Finally, a student at an English-speaking university may wish to instead include recommendations  – perhaps as well research gaps . Again, the inclusion of this element depends on the topic and type of essay , as problem-solution and cause-and-effect essays, for example, tend to be particularly reliant on recommendations during an essay’s conclusion. In addition to offering recommendations, this element may also offer solutions to the problems or situations mentioned in the body of an essay or predictions for what might happen next. 

what are 3 elements a conclusion must include

Whatever the focus, all types of recommendation should be considered carefully. They should be achievable, reasonable and implementable, and students should make sure to include at least one or two evaluations of these recommendations to demonstrate critical thinking:

what are 3 elements a conclusion must include

In addition to these four key elements, students shouldn’t forget to close their conclusions with something memorable. Try to craft a final sentence which is positive (without being emotive), which points your reader towards a new, unique view of your topic, and which reiterates the importance of your ideas and the purpose for reading the essay:

what are 3 elements a conclusion must include

To reference this reader:

Academic Marker (2022) Writing Concluding Paragraphs . Available at: https://academicmarker.com/essay-writing/concluding-paragraphs/writing-concluding-paragraphs/ (Accessed: Date Month Year).

Downloadables

Once you’ve completed all three chapters in this short reader Writing Concluding Paragraphs , you might then wish to download our Chapter Worksheets to check your progress or print for your students. These professional PDF worksheets can be easily accessed for only a few Academic Marks .

Chapter 1 explores the topic: What is the purpose of a concluding paragraph? Our Chapter 1 Worksheet (containing guidance, activities and answer keys) can be accessed here at the click of a button. 

Chapter 2 explores the topic: Which essay elements build academic conclusions? Our Chapter 2 Worksheet (containing guidance, activities and answer keys) can be accessed here at the click of a button. 

Chapter 3 explores the topic: What are 10 tips for writing effective conclusions? Our Chapter 3 Worksheet (containing guidance, activities and answer keys) can be accessed here at the click of a button. 

To save yourself 2 Marks , click on the button below to gain unlimited access to all of our Writing Concluding Paragraphs Chapter Worksheets. This  All-in-1 Pack includes every chapter, activity and answer key related to this topic in one handy and professional PDF.

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  1. What are 3 elements a conclusion must include?

    What are 3 elements a conclusion must include? Key Takeaways An effective conclusion contains three basic parts: a restatement of the speech's thesis; a review of the main points discussed within the speech; and a concluding device that helps create a lasting image in audiences' minds.

  2. How to Write a Conclusion (With Tips and Examples)

    An effective conclusion is created by following these steps: 1. Restate the thesis An effective conclusion brings the reader back to the main point, reminding the reader of the purpose of the essay. However, avoid repeating the thesis verbatim. Paraphrase your argument slightly while still preserving the primary point. 2.

  3. How To Write a Conclusion for an Essay: Expert Tips and Examples

    The actual components of a conclusion will vary depending on the essay type, but the standard conclusion will include: A restatement of the thesis A summary of ideas that you mentioned in the essay Broader questions and new ideas that might come up in relation to your topic That last bit is actually the most important part of the conclusion.

  4. PDF 3 Elements of an Effective Conclusion

    3. Thoughtful Ending There are 3 common ways to execute this. • End with a Quotation. Choose a brief quote that suits the urgency if your speech. • Make a Dramatic Statement. Create your own impactful quote that is crafted to tie your speech together. • Refer to the Introduction. End with a statement that ties the conclusion to

  5. QUICK HURRY PLEASE List the three elements of a conclusion to an

    List the three elements of a conclusion to an argumentative essay. Answer: The conclusion of an essay has three major parts: Answer: the thesis statement, revisited. Summary: main points and highlights from the body paragraphs. Significance: the relevance and implications of the essay's findings.

  6. Conclusions

    The following outline may help you conclude your paper: In a general way, Restate your topic and why it is important, Restate your thesis/claim, Address opposing viewpoints and explain why readers should align with your position, Call for action or overview future research possibilities.

  7. 9. The Conclusion

    A well-written conclusion provides you with important opportunities to demonstrate to the reader your understanding of the research problem. These include: Presenting the last word on the issues you raised in your paper. Just as the introduction gives a first impression to your reader, the conclusion offers a chance to leave a lasting impression.

  8. What should I include in a research paper conclusion?

    The conclusion of a research paper has several key elements you should make sure to include: A restatement of the research problem A summary of your key arguments and/or findings A short discussion of the implications of your research Frequently asked questions: Writing a research paper What is a research project?

  9. Writing a Research Paper Conclusion

    The steps below show you how to construct an effective conclusion for either type of research paper. Table of contents Step 1: Restate the problem Step 2: Sum up the paper Step 3: Discuss the implications Research paper conclusion examples Frequently asked questions about research paper conclusions Step 1: Restate the problem

  10. 3 parts of a conclusion. What are the 3 elements of a conclusion?. 2022

    What are the 3 elements of a conclusion? Each paragraph should also include examples, details, and evidence. The conclusion іs meant to restate the main points оf the essay. Lastly, I will examine a series of important findings related to gender and communication.

  11. Conclusion Structure: Effective Strategies for Ending College Papers

    A strong essay conclusion should demonstrate that your arguments are really important and relevant for a specific topic. The structure of your conclusion should include a powerful positive statement which must be based on the information presented in the previous parts of your paper. Don't include any new information in your conclusion.

  12. What is the Conclusion? How to Write a Conclusion?

    A good conclusion will use emotional language to inspire the reader with a powerful, long-lasting image. Using an emotional attraction to reinforce your main ideas is also a good idea. Finish with a sentence. Your concluding line should wrap up your entire work with a synthesis of important details.

  13. How To Write A Good Conclusion Paragraph

    Your introduction paragraph is your main source for writing your conclusion. For example, if your writing begins with something like "For me, there are only three movies that were released in 2016.". Then, your conclusion will have a sentence like "The three movies that made 2016 worthwhile in terms of cinema are Zootopia, Arrival, and ...

  14. What three elements must be included in an introduction?

    What are the 5 elements of an introduction? Components of an Introduction Paragraph. Opening Statement or Question - Grabs the Attention. The Topic Statement - Introduces the Topic. Relevance sentence - Validates the Topic. The Main Points - Outlines the Essay's body. Thesis Statement - Gives the Purpose of the essay.

  15. 12 Important Elements of a Successful Presentation

    3. An effective hook. An engaging start to your presentation helps you quickly build rapport and connect with your audience's emotions. A hook to begin your presentation may include a surprising statistic or fact, interesting quotation, relevant question, joke or story.

  16. Conclusion Paragraph

    A conclusion paragraph definition is the last paragraph in an academic paper. Its purpose is to summarize and conclude the previous findings of the paper in a concise format. It helps reinforce ...

  17. Organizing Academic Research Papers: 9. The Conclusion

    The conclusion is intended to help the reader understand why your research should matter to them after they have finished reading the paper. A conclusion is not merely a summary of your points or a re-statement of your research problem but a synthesis of key points. For most essays, one well-developed paragraph is sufficient for a conclusion ...

  18. Which essay elements build academic conclusions?

    In Chapter 2, we now turn our attention to the four common concluding elements, namely the thesis restatement, summary of ideas, research gaps and recommendations. Not all conclusions have to have these four elements, but those that have at least two or three are more likely to succeed. Element 1: Thesis Restatements