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How to write well-balanced conclusions? To re-describe findings, make statement, make implication? [closed]
Conclusions are so important. However, there seem to be many ways of writing them. How to write well-balanced conclusions? I give a simple made-up example. The example simply says that care was inaccessible for patients and 20-year temporal trends showed marginal improvement.
Describe/assess patients care during 2000-2020 in a country.
70% of patients received no treatment despite needing it.
During the 20-year period, the probability of receiving treatment increased only by 5 percentage points [95 CI: 2.4; 8.1]; however, only 33% of patients received treatment at the end of the observed period.
CONCLUSION OPTIONS
A) I can re-describe the findings but this does not seem like a statement. However, it seems a really safe (hard to argue) option.
Most of the patients received no care during 2000-2020. Despite the probability of receiving treatment increased during the observed period, two-thirds of the patients still received no treatment in 2020.
B) I can state something to say was these patients' management good or bad but this says less about the situation.
These patients care conflicted with multiple international guidelines as patients often received no treatment during the 20-year period.
C) I can say what needs to be done but this is more like an implication.
There is a need to review particular healthcare resources to ensure care for this patient population, as they were mostly excluded from recommended care.
D) Your option?
- conclusion-section
- I think this is too based on opinion and specific circumstances to be answered generally. – Bryan Krause ♦ Jun 21, 2021 at 18:52
- 1 What do other articles in the journals you submit to do? They will provide models for you to modify. – Ethan Bolker Jun 21, 2021 at 19:04
Browse other questions tagged thesis conclusion-section .
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Step 8: Conclusion
- Step 7 Essay Body
- 2: Research
- 3: Planning
- 6: Introduction
- 8: Conclusion
- 9: Quotes/Citations
- 10: Works Cited Page
- 12: Samples
- 14: Downloads
- Step 9 Essay Quotes and Citations
Your essay conclusion is the end of your paper and ties all of the information together to recap everything. It should be roughly 20% of your total paper (just like the introduction) and not introduce any new information such as quotes or facts. Having a strong conclusion is important because it ties in all of the things you talked about into a coherent fashion and then merely reiterates your findings. Ultius is here to help with our wide range of essay writing services and professional writers that can the stress off the writing process.
How to Structure an Essay Conclusion
Like the introduction, an essay conclusion should follow a specific format that is logical and easy for the reader to follow. Here is the best way to approach it:
1. Restate thesis in 1-2 sentences: Restate your main thesis in a few sentences to remind the reader of your original argument 2. Recap main points: In 1-2 sentences for each main example you gave, sum up the main point. 3. Reiterate your analysis: Restate your analysis of the topic in a few sentences. For longer essays, this analysis portion should be another paragraph.
Lastly, please make sure to not include any new information in the conclusion. This is your final word and you don't want another author to have the last say when it's your argument!
What is an Essay Conclusion?
Conclusions can often be the most difficult part of writing a paper, but fear not, help is here! One of the first things that must be understood when writing a conclusion is to accept the notion that there is no perfect formula for wrapping up a paper. When we write, we want our text to be unique and stand out to show that our ideas are profound and do matter. This is where battling with tropes, clichés, and overused phrases become difficult to deal with yet necessary, and must be balanced and individualized to fit your writing style and support the aim of your paper.
Tip : Relax! The paper is already completed, so take your time and drive the paper home with a solid conclusion.
One of the first steps to take when writing your conclusion is to relax. You have already completed the most important and tedious parts of your paper, and now it’s time to tie everything together. All the information that you need has been gathered and analyzed, so now you’re in the clear, mostly. Conclusions are more for structural purposes rather than information exchange. If the introduction is seen as a pathway that takes the reader into the world of your own thoughts and ideas, the conclusion can be seen as the gateway leading back to reality. It’s your opportunity to briefly synthesize your thesis and main points, display the profound sentiments that you raised, and have the last say on the subject that will leave your reader satisfied.
Though no formulaic concluding process is perfect, there are certain processes that should be avoided in most situations.
Three Key Principles of Essay Conclusions
- Do not introduce new information
- Do not be redundant
- Do not use generic filler text
It is wise to not introduce a new topic near the end of your paper. You have taken the reader on a journey to explore a topic in depth. Introducing a new topic near the end may make the reader feel as if they were ripped off, or that certain parts of the paper were left out. Compare this with trial versions of or incomplete software product. You just downloaded a non-deluxe version of an album. You take a listen to the great music and are happy with your purchase so far. You get to the end of the album and notice extra songs at the end. You turn one on and start jamming, when suddenly the music cuts off after only a half of a minute, and the next song starts to play. Turns out it was only a thirty second preview of the song, and you have to upgrade to get the complete soundtrack. Frustrating, right? Don’t let your paper seem as though there is much more that you never got to expand on. Either find a way to include this material in your thesis and body paragraphs, or simply wait to put this information in an upgraded or updated form of the paper. Save it for later!
Avoiding Redudancy
Redundancy is a common error than writers make when approaching their concluding paragraphs. I’m sure you’ve heard from a teacher or two that the conclusion should include a restatement of the thesis and present your argument in a condensed form for the reader to gnaw on as they reach the end of your text. While this can be an effective form of writing, the phrase is often misconstrued and interpreted too literally. Restating your thesis does not mean copying and pasting what you have previously written, or even changing a word or two around to make it seem a little different. Though a research paper and a creative work differ vastly in fundamental ways, there are still certain structural elements that both share, especially conclusions.
List of Common Redundant Phrases
- Advance notice
- Close proximity
- Very unique
- New innovation
- Positive Improvement
- Each and every
- Final completion
- Past history
- Until such time as
If we are watching a movie, do we expect the end to just be a recap of what you have just watched in exactly the same way that is began? No, that would be a horrible way to end a movie, and it would be torn apart by critics online and labeled a disastrous mess. The same applies for critical research. Tying your conclusion to your thesis is a way to come full circle with your argument. To accomplish this successfully, a reiteration of the themes used throughout the paper is necessary, but they should be presented with a more synthetic approach. Offer a unique perspective to dealing with the material presented is the main point of the paper. Your conclusion should be a reframing, not just a rephrasing.
Tip : "In conclusion; Finally; My point is; to sum up" are phrases to be avoided in the vast majority of cases, as they are useless filler text.
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These phrases are overused and are scowled upon by composition instructors and readers alike. They do not play a significant role in formulating your thoughts, and should be avoided. This is the only rule that I consider to be absolute in all of writing. When we are first learning how to write, we are taught certain formulas and phrases that will help us structure our thoughts intellectually and provide a basic framework for integrating ourselves into an academic discourse community. We see clichés and tropes all the time; that does not mean we must contribute to the perpetuation of them! There is nothing neither fun nor unique about using hyper-inflated terms or phrases, and they will automatically degrade your sense of Ethos that you worked so hard to establish all throughout your paper. When the reader sees these terms, they automatically connect them to all other papers that have used the same phrasings, and your paper just becomes another memory that will fade away in the sea of mediocre texts that your professor reads on a daily basis.
Changing Tone in Academic Essays
Changing your tone in an academic essay is highly discouraged. This tends to happen near the end of a paper to induce an appeal to Pathos, and create a strong emotional response within the reader. Most writing discourse communities do not want to hear strong sentiments that simply heartfelt statements, but would much rather feel the emotion through your manipulation of rhetoric and diction. Consider a child in a store that wants his parent to buy them a candy bar.
Tip : Remember to not change the tone of the piece, or switch from third-person to first-person perspective.
After they plead their case about how they will be a good child and listen if their parent buys them the candy, they resort to their last tactic of playing on their cuteness in order to gain their desired outcome or response. “Pretty please, with a cherry on top! I’ll love you forever and you’ll be the best parent in the world!” This is what you are doing when you change your tone in the end. These conclusions tend to abandon most logic and instead make profound statements simply out of biased beliefs. They exaggerate the argument presented and assume that the reader agrees with their statements, or perhaps they don’t believe that their arguments were solid, so they resort to using a lexicon similar to hallmark cards. Pull yourself together, grab a tissue to wipe away all your emotional tears, and finish strong! Your reader doesn’t want you to fall apart in the end, but instead end the piece with a powerful paragraph or two!
Avoiding Logical Fallacies
Logical fallacies should be avoided as well. There are plenty of sources for looking up all the different kinds of common fallacies that are presented through arguments. Writers do not often recognize when these fallacies are employed, but to the trained reader they stick out like Waldo after you have already found him on that page. These pitfalls degrade all the work you have put in to persuade your reader in an argumentative essay.
Now it’s time to take a look at elements that are helpful when writing a conclusion. Here are some helpful hints that will help your paper finish strong.
Essay Conclusion Principles
Since there are no stone tablets engraved with the rules for writing a successful paper, you are allowed to break certain norms that you have been taught to avoid. Keep in mind that certain do’s and don’ts that have been iterated to you throughout your writing career have been established for certain reasons.
Tip : Remember to clearly restate your argument in the conclusion.
They have been tested and proven effective in many cases, such as the restatement of the hypothesis/thesis and synthesis of the argument, but they are not the only ways to conclude a paper! This is a chance for you to be creative within critical boundaries. Break rules, but break them with a clear intention and purpose in mind.
Always note what kind of paper you are writing. A liberal arts paper will conclude differently than a more scientifically based paper. Using a quote at the end can be powerful for a paper on aesthetic theory. Simon Critchley, a modern philosopher and theorist, concludes his book The Faith of the Faithless: Experiments in Political Theology with a quote and parable from Kierkegaard. He uses the ideas of others to strengthen his points and put a new perspective on interpreting these texts.
Tip : When using quotes, choose only the most relevant words to actually quote. There is no point quoting excessive filler text.
On a paper explaining methodologies of preparing for surgery on a spinal tumor, using a direct quote may not be the most powerful way to sum up your finding.
Science-based papers will often include short-comings of the research and methodologies of the study performed within the conclusion. This is similar to a call to action; since no experiment could ever be performed perfectly in a vacuumed environment without any room for fault, scientists must be able to explain to other researchers what factors may contribute to different results if the experiment were to be recreated. Control group fluctuations, specific demographics for test subjects, and other variables must be assessed in the conclusion.
Call to action conclusions persuade the reader to take the argument constructed and change their lives in accordance with the new information they have gained. These are only appropriate in certain situations, and if possible, should be avoided unless it is presented in a clever and witty manner. Telling your reader to do something isn’t as effective as letting them formulate their own opinions based on the research and synthesis presented. The parable of the sun shining brightly to have the human take off their raincoat is how you want to approach a conclusion, with sincerity and thoughtfulness, not forceful statements like the wind attempt.
Summing up all of your thoughts is a powerful way to end a paper, but be sure to still get creative! Don’t stick to mainstream habits, stay true to your underground roots of rebellion, but mix it with your refined sense of rigorous and critical analysis! Conclusions are important, so be sure to finish your statements, ideas, and thoughts or it will turn out like
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- Ending the Essay: Conclusions
So much is at stake in writing a conclusion. This is, after all, your last chance to persuade your readers to your point of view, to impress yourself upon them as a writer and thinker. And the impression you create in your conclusion will shape the impression that stays with your readers after they've finished the essay.
The end of an essay should therefore convey a sense of completeness and closure as well as a sense of the lingering possibilities of the topic, its larger meaning, its implications: the final paragraph should close the discussion without closing it off.
To establish a sense of closure, you might do one or more of the following:
- Conclude by linking the last paragraph to the first, perhaps by reiterating a word or phrase you used at the beginning.
- Conclude with a sentence composed mainly of one-syllable words. Simple language can help create an effect of understated drama.
- Conclude with a sentence that's compound or parallel in structure; such sentences can establish a sense of balance or order that may feel just right at the end of a complex discussion.
To close the discussion without closing it off, you might do one or more of the following:
- Conclude with a quotation from or reference to a primary or secondary source, one that amplifies your main point or puts it in a different perspective. A quotation from, say, the novel or poem you're writing about can add texture and specificity to your discussion; a critic or scholar can help confirm or complicate your final point. For example, you might conclude an essay on the idea of home in James Joyce's short story collection, Dubliners , with information about Joyce's own complex feelings towards Dublin, his home. Or you might end with a biographer's statement about Joyce's attitude toward Dublin, which could illuminate his characters' responses to the city. Just be cautious, especially about using secondary material: make sure that you get the last word.
- Conclude by setting your discussion into a different, perhaps larger, context. For example, you might end an essay on nineteenth-century muckraking journalism by linking it to a current news magazine program like 60 Minutes .
- Conclude by redefining one of the key terms of your argument. For example, an essay on Marx's treatment of the conflict between wage labor and capital might begin with Marx's claim that the "capitalist economy is . . . a gigantic enterprise of dehumanization "; the essay might end by suggesting that Marxist analysis is itself dehumanizing because it construes everything in economic -- rather than moral or ethical-- terms.
- Conclude by considering the implications of your argument (or analysis or discussion). What does your argument imply, or involve, or suggest? For example, an essay on the novel Ambiguous Adventure , by the Senegalese writer Cheikh Hamidou Kane, might open with the idea that the protagonist's development suggests Kane's belief in the need to integrate Western materialism and Sufi spirituality in modern Senegal. The conclusion might make the new but related point that the novel on the whole suggests that such an integration is (or isn't) possible.
Finally, some advice on how not to end an essay:
- Don't simply summarize your essay. A brief summary of your argument may be useful, especially if your essay is long--more than ten pages or so. But shorter essays tend not to require a restatement of your main ideas.
- Avoid phrases like "in conclusion," "to conclude," "in summary," and "to sum up." These phrases can be useful--even welcome--in oral presentations. But readers can see, by the tell-tale compression of the pages, when an essay is about to end. You'll irritate your audience if you belabor the obvious.
- Resist the urge to apologize. If you've immersed yourself in your subject, you now know a good deal more about it than you can possibly include in a five- or ten- or 20-page essay. As a result, by the time you've finished writing, you may be having some doubts about what you've produced. (And if you haven't immersed yourself in your subject, you may be feeling even more doubtful about your essay as you approach the conclusion.) Repress those doubts. Don't undercut your authority by saying things like, "this is just one approach to the subject; there may be other, better approaches. . ."
Copyright 1998, Pat Bellanca, for the Writing Center at Harvard University
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How to Write a Strong Conclusion Paragraph in an Argumentative Essay
Table of contents
“What do I say that hasn’t been said already,” you wonder.
Don’t take writing conclusions lightly because it is the finishing touch that packages your essay correctly, letting the reader know that you have given the essay the closure it deserves.
Regardless of how strong the arguments raised are, if your conclusion is weak, your essay will be rendered incomplete.
How to Draft a Good Conclusion for an Argumentative Essay and Get it Noticed
So you have stated your thesis, presented background information, introduced evidence, stated your point of view, and refuted objections within the argumentative essay. Now, it is time to conclude. Read on as we tell you the dos and don’ts of writing conclusion paragraphs.
How to Write an Impactful Conclusion Paragraph that Leaves a Positive Impression
A conclusion paragraph is like the final farewell - it must be impactful and effective. The way you choose to conclude your essay can make or break the impression you leave on the instructor.
So, here’s a look at five tips to help you write a firm conclusion for an argumentative essay.
Read What is Written
Whether or not the essay is written at a stretch, once you are done with the introduction and body paragraphs, it is essential to give a thorough reading. This is when you can assess whether you have left any key points or examples out and make amends.
Once that is done, read it once again – this is the first step in planning the concluding paragraph. Going over the rest of the essay, you can note the main points and ensure you reinstate them in conclusion. Not just that, this exercise also provides you don’t repeat any statements as is.
Re-emphasize Your Viewpoint
What were the most substantial arguments you made in the paper?
Begin the conclusion by reminding the reader of your viewpoint by reinstating the most logical arguments you made in the essay. Use this space to tie loose ends and summarize the main points. The conclusion needs to act as a reminder, stating why your viewpoint matters.
Remember this is your last chance to convince the reader about your chosen argument. That said, don’t get down to summarizing the entire essay. What is essential is readdressing your point of view in the most convincing manner.
Discuss Possible Implications
So you have reminded the reader of your argument or the stand you are taking in the essay. Why not push them to think about it?
It’s a good idea to discuss possible implications in the conclusion paragraph of an argumentative essay. What does that include? You can discuss hypothetical situations (along with examples) that can arise if the reader goes with your point of view. Alternatively, you can also get them to ponder the ramifications of going with the opposing point of view.
Either way, the idea is to get them to consider your main argument and derive logical sense from it.
Appeal to Emotions
Remember the goal of the concluding paragraph must be to leave the reader with a memorable final impression; the most effective way to do that is to appeal to their emotions .
Whether urging action, attracting empathy, or rousing anger – the idea is to get the reader to agree with your point of view. While the stance needs to be put forth logically, you can certainly make emotional appeals in the last paragraph to get them to agree. In short, you must appeal to the reader’s head and heart, especially when writing an argumentative essay.
End with a Question
Some questions are not meant to be answered - they are just used for emphasis and to leave the reader with something to think about.
So yes, you can consider ending with a question and asking a rhetorical question in the conclusion paragraph. This keeps the reader engaged till the last sentence and enhances the recall value of your essay.
Just make sure your questions are relevant to the main point of the argumentative essay and ensure they are crafted to strengthen your argument or point of view.
Are You Making These Mistakes While Writing a Conclusion Paragraph
Now that you know what you should include in a conclusion paragraph of an argumentative essay, it’s almost important to take note of what you should not have and avoid it at all costs.
Here are six common mistakes students make while writing a conclusion paragraph.
Present New Information
By the time you conclude, you should have said it all. If you haven’t, revisit the essay and identify gaps because the concluding paragraph is not the place to introduce new arguments, facts, or information.
Doing this weakens the paper and reflects your poor planning. So, don’t confuse the reader and only focus on presenting already mentioned arguments and data in a new way rather than adding more layers to the paper.
Repeat the Thesis Statement
Imagine reading the thesis statement in the introduction and having to read it all over again in the conclusion paragraph. You don’t want your instructor thinking, “Didn’t I just read this statement?”.
Repeating the thesis statement is a complete no-no. It would be best if you rewrote it while tying together the main arguments raised but doing a copy-paste job without adding any value will do nothing to the conclusion.
If anything, you should take your thesis statement to the next level and substantiate it so the reader can make the connection and be convinced about your writing.
Check this video by Jill Jackson on how you can restate your thesis statement in the conclusion
Be Apologetic
Regardless of how unsure you are of your writing skills or your stance, don’t ever make the mistake of showing it in your essay. The last thing you want to do is let all that effort go to waste by apologizing in the last paragraph.
Avoid phrases like “I am not sure but…”, “This is just my opinion..” or “I might be wrong..” and the likes because it makes you seem apologetic and underconfident - and that’s certainly not the indication you want to give.
You need to be confident about your point of view and own up to it. It’s the instructor’s job to assess how you have articulated and justified your stance.
As they say, “Self-confidence carries conviction; it makes other people believe in us.” So, go for it - write with utmost conviction!
Start with Overused Phrases
If you are wondering, “How should I start the conclusion paragraph?”, know that you certainly should not begin with “Finally..”, “Lastly..”, “As stated earlier..”, “In a nutshell…” and similar overused phrases.
Yes, transitions are essential. The correct transition words make the essay more cohesive and help the reader go from one paragraph to another quickly while retaining the connection between them.
However, when starting the conclusion paragraph, the reader knows it is the conclusion; you don’t need to spell it out. Hence, it would be best to use transition words that make the flow seem organic and smooth.
Here’s a video by Liz enlisting some transition words or linkers you can use to begin the concluding paragraph
End with a Quote
Integrating quotes in the introduction or body paragraphs is a great way to hook readers or emphasize a point but ending the essay with a quote is not a good idea.
Why, you ask? That’s because the conclusion needs to be about summing up and using your voice to strengthen your voice. This is not the place to insert an expert’s quote and wash your hands of it.
You want readers to leave thinking about the points and arguments you raised, not what some leader or author had to say about the same topic.
Do a Hurried Job
The conclusion paragraph is the last step in the writing process, but it often gets sidelined. This is especially true when you write your essay at the very last minute.
You are highly mistaken if you don’t give enough time and thought to write a conclusion because you see it as an insignificant aspect of your essay.
The conclusion is as essential as the introduction (if not more) because it is your golden opportunity to concisely reinstate the main points and thesis statement and package it with closure.
Like it or not – your essay is likely to be remembered by the most recent thing the reader has read, which happens to be the concluding paragraph. This means you cannot get lazy while writing this section and let all your efforts waste.
If you’re still unsure about getting the conclusion of your argumentative essay right, why not get some help from the experts? Yes, we at Writers Per Hour are a professional essay writing service. Our team of experts specializes in delivering original, well-written essays, including argumentative, narrative, persuasive and more.
From writing captivating introductions to exciting conclusions, we will take care of it all. So, the next time you are stuck writing an essay, contact us, and let us help you ace it!
Useful Links
1. How To Write an Introduction for an Argumentative Essay
2. What are Good Argumentative Essay Topics: 5 Tips to Make the Right Choice
Last edit at Dec 23 2022
Stefani Holloway
Stefani is a professional writer and blogger at Writers Per Hour . She primarily contributes articles about careers, leadership, business, and writing. Her educational background in family science and journalism has given her a broad base from which to approach many topics. She especially enjoys preparing resumes for individuals who are changing careers.
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How to Write Conclusions That Don’t Suck
When a guest author hands me their first sample draft, it’s often missing a conclusion — sometimes accompanied by a note of apology that they thought about it, but they don’t know how to wrap the darn thing up, and could I offer any suggestions?
I don’t blame them — conclusions are often the most challenging part of any piece, and there’s a lot of conflicting advice about how to handle them. What follows is the most common advice I share with guest authors who are struggling with writing a conclusion that resonates.
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Why writing conclusions is difficult
Remember your English teacher offering some form of the following advice about how to structure an essay or thesis statement?
Tell ’em what you’re gonna tell ’em, tell ’em, and then tell ’em what you told ’em.
It’s not terrible advice for a beginning writer — while the five paragraph paper has its faults , it’s a useful mechanism for learning to think critically and structure straightforward arguments. The advice breaks down, however, as soon as anyone wishes to communicate a moderately complex idea to anyone other than the person reading your paper.
Yet further conventional wisdom about how to approach conclusions can be vague and conflicting: Restate your main points, but don’t repeat yourself, but do make sure you summarize the entire piece, but definitely don’t introduce any new ideas. Make sure you signal this is the end, but don’t use the word “conclusion,” but do leave your reader with an interesting final impression …
No wonder so many folks find conclusions impossible.
A great conclusion answers the ‘so what?’ question
Regardless of length and format, it’s common to get to “the end of the middle” of whatever you’re writing and not know where to go from there.
You already said what you meant and offered a pile of evidence to prove your point! What else is there to say?
A great way of concluding your piece is to answer the “so what?” question. It sets your idea in a broader context, which gives your writing a better chance of resonating with a larger audience. Take a step back from what you’ve been saying and ask: Why is this important? Why should anyone care?
Take Nick’s post on “ Parting Ways With a Remote Employee .” It’s a list of tips about how to let go of an employee when you can’t be in the same room. The topic is a) ugly and b) probably irrelevant to most readers. But Nick does a nice job answering the “so what?” question in his conclusion:
This conclusion tells the reader what they’re supposed to take away from the post. Why is this important? Because there’s another human being involved in this situation, and they’re having a much worse day than the person doing the firing. Why should anyone care? Because if you take the advice Nick gives in this post, that person will have a better (at least, less horrible) experience, and ideally go on to succeed somewhere where they’ll be a better fit, and you can be a part of that.
Nick’s conclusion works because it takes the advice he gives throughout the post and applies it on a wider scale, at a more human level. The lesson applies to anyone who’s ever had to let someone go, not only remote teams.
Make it human
Getting personal is another good trick for writing conclusions that make an impact. How can you apply what you’ve just said not only to your work, but to your existence as a human on this planet?
That’s what I was going for in the conclusion to “ Why You Should Set Big Goals (Even If You Might Not Hit Them) ” — the post is about the benefits of thinking big, and why Help Scout tends to aim for goals higher than what we think we’re capable of accomplishing. It’s something I’ve started doing on a personal level, too, because left to my own devices, I won’t aim high enough — so I used the conclusion as a space to own up to that, in case any readers identify with that feeling and might get value out of asking themselves the same questions.
Ask a question or issue a personal challenge
Your conclusion is your last chance to make a powerful impression on the reader — you want what you’re saying to stick with them, to resonate and offer a sense of completeness.
What I want most of all is resonance , something that will linger for a little while in Constant Reader’s mind (and heart) after he or she has closed the book and put it up on the shelf. Stephen King
Addressing your reader with a direct question or personal challenge invites them to sit with your idea and apply what you’ve said to their own situation.
In the previous example, in addition to asking the reader whether they’ve set any big goals, I challenge them to to examine whether they’re selling themselves short by setting small, easily achieved goals. Dave Martin issues a similar challenge in his conclusion to “ How to Work a 40-Hour Week ”:
Dave’s post is about how to maximize your working hours — tracking your time, creating an action plan and coming full circle. But his conclusion — that if your work-life balance is out of whack, you need to take some time to think about why that is, and be prepared to make some big changes — takes his advice several steps further. He answers the “so what?” question, and applies the post’s message on a greater, human level. It resonates .
Like what you see? Share with a friend.
Emily Triplett Lentz
Emily is a Help Scout alum. You can find her on Twitter .
How to Write a Conclusion for an Essay
By the time you get to the final paragraph of your paper, you have already done so much work on your essay, so all you want to do is to wrap it up as quickly as possible. You’ve already made a stunning introduction, proven your argument, and structured the whole piece as supposed – who cares about making a good conclusion paragraph?
The only thing you need to remember is that the conclusion of an essay is not just the last paragraph of an academic paper where you restate your thesis and key arguments. A concluding paragraph is also your opportunity to have a final impact on your audience.
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How to write a conclusion paragraph that leaves a lasting impression – In this guide, the team at EssayPro is going to walk you through the process of writing a perfect conclusion step by step. Additionally, we will share valuable tips and tricks to help students of all ages impress their readers at the last moment.
Instead of Intro: What Is a Conclusion?
Before we can move on, let’s take a moment here to define the conclusion itself. According to the standard conclusion definition, it is pretty much the last part of something, its result, or end. However, this term is rather broad and superficial.
When it comes to writing academic papers, a concluding statement refers to an opinion, judgment, suggestion, or position arrived at by logical reasoning (through the arguments provided in the body of the text). Therefore, if you are wondering “what is a good closing sentence like?” – keep on reading.
What Does a Good Conclusion Mean?
Writing a good conclusion for a paper isn’t easy. However, we are going to walk you through this process step by step. Although there are generally no strict rules on how to formulate one, there are some basic principles that everyone should keep in mind. In this section, we will share some core ideas for writing a good conclusion, and, later in the article, we will also provide you with more practical advice and examples.
Here are the core goals a good conclusion should complete:
- “Wrap up” the entire paper;
- Demonstrate to readers that the author accomplished what he/she set out to do;
- Show how you the author has proved their thesis statement;
- Give a sense of completeness and closure on the topic;
- Leave something extra for your reader to think about;
- Leave a powerful final impact on a reader.
Another key thing to remember is that you should not introduce any new ideas or arguments to your paper's conclusion. It should only sum up what you have already written, revisit your thesis statement, and end with a powerful final impression.
When considering how to write a conclusion that works, here are the key points to keep in mind:
- A concluding sentence should only revisit the thesis statement, not restate it;
- It should summarize the main ideas from the body of the paper;
- It should demonstrate the significance and relevance of your work;
- An essay’s conclusion should include a call for action and leave space for further study or development of the topic (if necessary).
How Long Should a Conclusion Be?
Although there are no strict universal rules regarding the length of an essay’s final clause, both teachers and experienced writers recommend keeping it clear, concise, and straight to the point. There is an unspoken rule that the introduction and conclusion of an academic paper should both be about 10% of the overall paper’s volume. For example, if you were assigned a 1500 word essay, both the introductory and final clauses should be approximately 150 words long (300 together).
Why You Need to Know How to End an Essay:
A conclusion is what drives a paper to its logical end. It also drives the main points of your piece one last time. It is your last opportunity to impact and impress your audience. And, most importantly, it is your chance to demonstrate to readers why your work matters. Simply put, the final paragraph of your essay should answer the last important question a reader will have – “So what?”
If you do a concluding paragraph right, it can give your readers a sense of logical completeness. On the other hand, if you do not make it powerful enough, it can leave them hanging, and diminish the effect of the entire piece.
Strategies to Crafting a Proper Conclusion
Although there are no strict rules for what style to use to write your conclusion, there are several strategies that have been proven to be effective. In the list below, you can find some of the most effective strategies with some good conclusion paragraph examples to help you grasp the idea.
One effective way to emphasize the significance of your essay and give the audience some thought to ponder about is by taking a look into the future. The “When and If” technique is quite powerful when it comes to supporting your points in the essay’s conclusion.
Prediction essay conclusion example: “Taking care of a pet is quite hard, which is the reason why most parents refuse their children’s requests to get a pet. However, the refusal should be the last choice of parents. If we want to inculcate a deep sense of responsibility and organization in our kids, and, at the same time, sprout compassion in them, we must let our children take care of pets.”
Another effective strategy is to link your conclusion to your introductory paragraph. This will create a full-circle narration for your readers, create a better understanding of your topic, and emphasize your key point.
Echo conclusion paragraph example: Introduction: “I believe that all children should grow up with a pet. I still remember the exact day my parents brought my first puppy to our house. This was one of the happiest moments in my life and, at the same time, one of the most life-changing ones. Growing up with a pet taught me a lot, and most importantly, it taught me to be responsible.” Conclusion:. “I remember when I picked up my first puppy and how happy I was at that time. Growing up with a pet, I learned what it means to take care of someone, make sure that he always has water and food, teach him, and constantly keep an eye on my little companion. Having a child grow up with a pet teaches them responsibility and helps them acquire a variety of other life skills like leadership, love, compassion, and empathy. This is why I believe that every kid should grow up with a pet!”
Finally, one more trick that will help you create a flawless conclusion is to amplify your main idea or to present it in another perspective of a larger context. This technique will help your readers to look at the problem discussed from a different angle.
Step-up argumentative essay conclusion example: “Despite the obvious advantages of owning a pet in childhood, I feel that we cannot generalize whether all children should have a pet. Whereas some kids may benefit from such experiences, namely, by becoming more compassionate, organized, and responsible, it really depends on the situation, motivation, and enthusiasm of a particular child for owning a pet.”
What is a clincher in an essay? – The final part of an essay’s conclusion is often referred to as a clincher sentence. According to the clincher definition, it is a final sentence that reinforces the main idea or leaves the audience with an intriguing thought to ponder upon. In a nutshell, the clincher is very similar to the hook you would use in an introductory paragraph. Its core mission is to seize the audience’s attention until the end of the paper. At the same time, this statement is what creates a sense of completeness and helps the author leave a lasting impression on the reader.
Now, since you now know what a clincher is, you are probably wondering how to use one in your own paper. First of all, keep in mind that a good clincher should be intriguing, memorable, smooth, and straightforward.
Generally, there are several different tricks you can use for your clincher statement; it can be:
- A short, but memorable and attention-grabbing conclusion;
- A relevant and memorable quote (only if it brings actual value);
- A call to action;
- A rhetorical question;
- An illustrative story or provocative example;
- A warning against a possibility or suggestion about the consequences of a discussed problem;
- A joke (however, be careful with this as it may not always be deemed appropriate).
Regardless of the technique you choose, make sure that your clincher is memorable and aligns with your introduction and thesis.
Clincher examples: - While New York may not be the only place with the breathtaking views, it is definitely among my personal to 3… and that’s what definitely makes it worth visiting. - “Thence we came forth to rebehold the stars”, Divine Comedy - Don’t you think all these advantages sound like almost life-saving benefits of owning a pet? “So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.”, The Great Gatsby
Conclusion Writing Don'ts
Now, when you know what tricks and techniques you should use to create a perfect conclusion, let’s look at some of the things you should not do with our online paper writing service :
- Starting with some cliché concluding sentence starters. Many students find common phrases like “In conclusion,” “Therefore,” “In summary,” or similar statements to be pretty good conclusion starters. However, though such conclusion sentence starters may work in certain cases – for example, in speeches – they are overused, so it is recommended not to use them in writing to introduce your conclusion.
- Putting the first mention of your thesis statement in the conclusion – it has to be presented in your introduction first.
- Providing new arguments, subtopics, or ideas in the conclusion paragraph.
- Including a slightly changed or unchanged thesis statement.
- Providing arguments and evidence that belong in the body of the work.
- Writing too long, hard to read, or confusing sentences.
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Conclusion Paragraph Outline
The total number of sentences in your final paragraph may vary depending on the number of points you discussed in your essay, as well as on the overall word count of your paper. However, the overall conclusion paragraph outline will remain the same and consists of the following elements:
- A conclusion starter:
The first part of your paragraph should drive readers back to your thesis statement. Thus, if you were wondering how to start a conclusion, the best way to do it is by rephrasing your thesis statement.
- Summary of the body paragraphs:
Right after revisiting your thesis, you should include several sentences that wrap up the key highlights and points from your body paragraphs. This part of your conclusion can consist of 2-3 sentences—depending on the number of arguments you’ve made. If necessary, you can also explain to the readers how your main points fit together.
- A concluding sentence:
Finally, you should end your paragraph with a last, powerful sentence that leaves a lasting impression, gives a sense of logical completeness, and connects readers back to the introduction of the paper.
These three key elements make up a perfect essay conclusion. Now, to give you an even better idea of how to create a perfect conclusion, let us give you a sample conclusion paragraph outline with examples from an argumentative essay on the topic of “Every Child Should Own a Pet:
- Sentence 1: Starter
- ~ Thesis: "Though taking care of a pet may be a bit challenging for small children. Parents should not restrict their kids from having a pet as it helps them grow into more responsible and compassionate people."
- ~ Restated thesis for a conclusion: "I can say that taking care of a pet is good for every child."
- Sentences 2-4: Summary
- ~ "Studies have shown that pet owners generally have fewer health problems."
- ~ "Owning a pet teaches a child to be more responsible."
- ~ "Spending time with a pet reduces stress, feelings of loneliness, and anxiety."
- Sentence 5: A concluding sentence
- ~ "Pets can really change a child life for the better, so don't hesitate to endorse your kid's desire to own a pet."
This is a clear example of how you can shape your conclusion paragraph.
How to Conclude Various Types of Essays
Depending on the type of academic essay you are working on, your concluding paragraph's style, tone, and length may vary. In this part of our guide, we will tell you how to end different types of essays and other works.
How to End an Argumentative Essay
Persuasive or argumentative essays always have the single goal of convincing readers of something (an idea, stance, or viewpoint) by appealing to arguments, facts, logic, and even emotions. The conclusion for such an essay has to be persuasive as well. A good trick you can use is to illustrate a real-life scenario that proves your stance or encourages readers to take action. More about persuasive essay outline you can read in our article.
Here are a few more tips for making a perfect conclusion for an argumentative essay:
- Carefully read the whole essay before you begin;
- Re-emphasize your ideas;
- Discuss possible implications;
- Don’t be afraid to appeal to the reader’s emotions.
How to End a Compare and Contrast Essay
The purpose of a compare and contrast essay is to emphasize the differences or similarities between two or more objects, people, phenomena, etc. Therefore, a logical conclusion should highlight how the reviewed objects are different or similar. Basically, in such a paper, your conclusion should recall all of the key common and distinctive features discussed in the body of your essay and also give readers some food for thought after they finish reading it.
How to Conclude a Descriptive Essay
The key idea of a descriptive essay is to showcase your creativity and writing skills by painting a vivid picture with the help of words. This is one of the most creative types of essays as it requires you to show a story, not tell it. This kind of essay implies using a lot of vivid details. Respectively, the conclusion of such a paper should also use descriptive imagery and, at the same time, sum up the main ideas. A good strategy for ending a descriptive essay would be to begin with a short explanation of why you wrote the essay. Then, you should reflect on how your topic affects you. In the middle of the conclusion, you should cover the most critical moments of the story to smoothly lead the reader into a logical closing statement. The “clincher”, in this case, should be a thought-provoking final sentence that leaves a good and lasting impression on the audience. Do not lead the reader into the essay and then leave them with dwindling memories of it.
How to Conclude an Essay About Yourself
If you find yourself writing an essay about yourself, you need to tell a personal story. As a rule, such essays talk about the author’s experiences, which is why a conclusion should create a feeling of narrative closure. A good strategy is to end your story with a logical finale and the lessons you have learned, while, at the same time, linking it to the introductory paragraph and recalling key moments from the story.
How to End an Informative Essay
Unlike other types of papers, informative or expository essays load readers with a lot of information and facts. In this case, “Synthesize, don’t summarize” is the best technique you can use to end your paper. Simply put, instead of recalling all of the major facts, you should approach your conclusion from the “So what?” position by highlighting the significance of the information provided.
How to Conclude a Narrative Essay
In a nutshell, a narrative essay is based on simple storytelling. The purpose of this paper is to share a particular story in detail. Therefore, the conclusion for such a paper should wrap up the story and avoid finishing on an abrupt cliffhanger. It is vital to include the key takeaways and the lessons learned from the story.
How to Write a Conclusion for a Lab Report
Unlike an essay, a lab report is based on an experiment. This type of paper describes the flow of a particular experiment conducted by a student and its conclusion should reflect on the outcomes of this experiment.
In thinking of how to write a conclusion for a lab, here are the key things you should do to get it right:
- Restate the goals of your experiment
- Describe the methods you used
- Include the results of the experiment and analyze the final data
- End your conclusion with a clear statement on whether or not the experiment was successful (Did you reach the expected results?)
How to Write a Conclusion for a Research Paper
Writing a paper is probably the hardest task of all, even for experienced dissertation writer . Unlike an essay or even a lab report, a research paper is a much longer piece of work that requires a deeper investigation of the problem. Therefore, a conclusion for such a paper should be even more sophisticated and powerful. If you're feeling difficulty writing an essay, you can buy essay on our service.
However, given that a research paper is the second most popular kind of academic paper (after an essay), it is important to know how to conclude a research paper. Even if you have not yet been assigned to do this task, be sure that you will face it soon. So, here are the steps you should follow to create a great conclusion for a research paper:
- Restate the Topic
Start your final paragraph with a quick reminder of what the topic of the piece is about. Keep it one sentence long.
- Revisit the Thesis
Next, you should remind your readers what your thesis statement was. However, do not just copy and paste it from the introductory clause: paraphrase your thesis so that you deliver the same idea but with different words. Keep your paraphrased thesis narrow, specific, and topic-oriented.
- Summarise Your Key Ideas
Just like the case of a regular essay’s conclusion, a research paper’s final paragraph should also include a short summary of all of the key points stated in the body sections. We recommend reading the entire body part a few times to define all of your main arguments and ideas.
- Showcase the Significance of Your Work
In the research paper conclusion, it is vital to highlight the significance of your research problem and state how your solution could be helpful.
- Make Suggestions for Future Studies
Finally, at the end of your conclusion, you should define how your findings will contribute to the development of its particular field of science. Outline the perspectives of further research and, if necessary, explain what is yet to be discovered on the topic.
Then, end your conclusion with a powerful concluding sentence – it can be a rhetorical question, call to action, or another hook that will help you have a strong impact on the audience.
- Answer the Right Questions
To create a top-notch research paper conclusion, be sure to answer the following questions:
- What is the goal of a research paper?
- What are the possible solutions to the research question(s)?
- How can your results be implemented in real life? (Is your research paper helpful to the community?)
- Why is this study important and relevant?
Additionally, here are a few more handy tips to follow:
- Provide clear examples from real life to help readers better understand the further implementation of the stated solutions;
- Keep your conclusion fresh, original, and creative.
Address to our term paper writers if you need to proofread or rewrite essay.
So, What Is a Good Closing Sentence? See The Difference
One of the best ways to learn how to write a good conclusion is to look at several professional essay conclusion examples. In this section of our guide, we are going to look at two different final paragraphs shaped on the basis of the same template, but even so, they are very different – where one is weak and the other is strong. Below, we are going to compare them to help you understand the difference between a good and a bad conclusion.
Here is the template we used: College degrees are in decline. The price of receiving an education does not correlate with the quality of the education received. As a result, graduated students face underemployment, and the worth of college degrees appears to be in serious doubt. However, the potential social and economic benefits of educated students balance out the equation.
Strong Conclusion
People either see college as an opportunity or an inconvenience; therefore, a degree can only hold as much value as its owner’s skillset. The underemployment of graduate students puts the worth of college degrees in serious doubt. Yet, with the multitude of benefits that educated students bring to society and the economy, the equation remains in balance. Perhaps the ordinary person should consider college as a wise financial investment, but only if they stay determined to study and do the hard work.
Why is this example good? There are several key points that prove its effectiveness:
- There is a bold opening statement that encompasses the two contrasting types of students we can see today.
- There are two sentences that recall the thesis statement and cover the key arguments from the body of the essay.
- Finally, the last sentence sums up the key message of the essay and leaves readers with something to think about.
Weak Conclusion
In conclusion, with the poor preparation of students in college and the subsequent underemployment after graduation from college, the worth associated with the college degree appears to be in serious doubt. However, these issues alone may not reasonably conclude beyond a doubt that investing in a college degree is a rewarding venture. When the full benefits that come with education are carefully put into consideration and evaluated, college education for children in any country still has good advantages, and society should continue to advocate for a college education. The ordinary person should consider this a wise financial decision that holds rewards in the end. Apart from the monetary gains associated with a college education, society will greatly benefit from students when they finish college. Their minds are going to be expanded, and their reasoning and decision making will be enhanced.
What makes this example bad? Here are a few points to consider:
- Unlike the first example, this paragraph is long and not specific enough. The author provides plenty of generalized phrases that are not backed up by actual arguments.
- This piece is hard to read and understand and sentences have a confusing structure. Also, there are lots of repetitions and too many uses of the word “college”.
- There is no summary of the key benefits.
- The last two sentences that highlight the value of education contradict with the initial statement.
- Finally, the last sentence doesn’t offer a strong conclusion and gives no thought to ponder upon.
- In the body of your essay, you have hopefully already provided your reader(s) with plenty of information. Therefore, it is not wise to present new arguments or ideas in your conclusion.
- To end your final paragraph right, find a clear and straightforward message that will have the most powerful impact on your audience.
- Don’t use more than one quote in the final clause of your paper – the information from external sources (including quotes) belongs in the body of a paper.
- Be authoritative when writing a conclusion. You should sound confident and convincing to leave a good impression. Sentences like “I’m not an expert, but…” will most likely make you seem less knowledgeable and/or credible.
Good Conclusion Examples
Now that we've learned what a conclusion is and how to write one let's take a look at some essay conclusion examples to strengthen our knowledge.
The ending ironically reveals that all was for nothing. (A short explanation of the thematic effect of the book’s end) Tom says that Miss Watson freed Jim in her final will.Jim told Huck that the dead man on the Island was pap. The entire adventure seemingly evaporated into nothingness. (How this effect was manifested into the minds of thereaders).
All in all, international schools hold the key to building a full future that students can achieve. (Thesis statement simplified) They help students develop their own character by learning from their mistakes, without having to face a dreadful penalty for failure. (Thesis statement elaborated)Although some say that kids emerged “spoiled” with this mentality, the results prove the contrary. (Possible counter-arguments are noted)
In conclusion, public workers should be allowed to strike since it will give them a chance to air their grievances. (Thesis statement) Public workers should be allowed to strike when their rights, safety, and regulations are compromised. The workers will get motivated when they strike, and their demands are met.
In summary, studies reveal some similarities in the nutrient contents between the organic and non-organic food substances. (Starts with similarities) However, others have revealed many considerable differences in the amounts of antioxidants as well as other minerals present in organic and non-organic foods. Generally, organic foods have higher levels of antioxidants than non-organic foods and therefore are more important in the prevention of chronic illnesses.
As time went by, my obsession grew into something bigger than art; (‘As time went by’ signals maturation) it grew into a dream of developing myself for the world. (Showing student’s interest of developing himself for the community) It is a dream of not only seeing the world from a different perspective but also changing the perspective of people who see my work. (Showing student’s determination to create moving pieces of art)
In conclusion, it is evident that technology is an integral part of our lives and without it, we become “lost” since we have increasingly become dependent on its use. (Thesis with main point)
You might also be interested in reading nursing essay examples from our service.
Stuck On Your Conclusion?
Hopefully, this guide helped you grasp the general idea of what an essay’s conclusion is and how to write a good one. However, if you are still struggling with making an impactful final clause, do not hesitate to entrust this matter to professionals. The expert writers from EssayPro can help you cope with essay writing and ensure you an excellent grade. Just ask us ' write my essay online ' and we will process your requests asap.
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How to write Essay Conclusions – The 5 C’s Method
Here’s the question you’ve probably got: what’s the difference between an introduction and a conclusion?
My advice is to use my two frameworks on how to write and conclusion and how to write an introduction:
- Write an introduction with the Perfect Introduction INTRO method ;
- Write a conclusion with the Perfect Conclusion FIVE-C method that I outline below.
As a university teacher, I have marked well over a thousand essays.
In my time, the best conclusions I’ve seen have tended to sum-up a topic by showing-off how well the writer knows the topic and how effectively they have come to their conclusions.
The best conclusions also convincingly show why the topic is important.
In this post, I will show you how to write a conclusion that will amaze your teacher.
This formula is called the FIVE-C’s method and works for nearly every essay.
This method walks you through five potential strategies that you can use in your conclusion. I will show you all five steps and give examples for each to model how to go about writing a good quality conclusion.
How to write a Conclusion: The Five-C Conclusion Method
1 Close the loop. Return to a statement you made in the introduction.
2 Conclude. Show what your final position is.
3 Clarify. Clarify how your final position is relevant to the Essay Question.
4 Concern. Explain who should be concerned by your findings.
5 Consequences. End by noting in one final, engaging sentence why this topic is of such importance.
For each of these steps, I recommend between one and two sentences to create a full detailed conclusion paragraph. You do not have to use each and every one of these steps every time.
Remember, once you’ve written your ideas, make sure you edit the conclusion to make sure it flows the way you want it to. Don’t feel like you have to stick exactly to these rules.
Here’s each step broken down one by one:
1. Close the Loop: Refer back to a statement from the Introduction
Have you ever noticed that comedians often start and end a show with the same joke? This method is called a “ Callback ” in stand-up comedy and is widely considered to be a very effective way to end on a high.
Well, you can do this in your essay, too. Try to find a key statement you made in the introduction and return to it. In this way, you’re closing the look and ending your essay by tying it up in a thoughtful, memorable way.
Here’s a Tip: Forget about starting your conclusion with the tired old statement “In conclusion, …” and instead start it with “This essay began by stating that …” and continue from there.
Imagine you have an essay on “Should Fake News on Facebook be Regulated?” You might state an interesting ‘hook’ statement in the introduction such as:
- Intro Hook: “Mark Zuckerberg faced US congress in late 2018 to defend Facebook’s record of regulating Facebook News. He claimed that Facebook needs to do a better job of verifying the identities of Facebook users.”
You can return back to this interesting statement in the conclusion. For example:
- Close the Loop in the Conclusion: “This essay began by noting that Mark Zuckerberg accepts that Facebook needs to do a better job at regulation on the platform. As this essay has shown, it appears Facebook continues to be incapable to regulating content on its platform. Therefore, governments should step-in with minimum benchmarks for Facebook to adhere to for all advertising and news content.”
Closing the loop is a great literary strategy to tie up your essay and memorably conclude your argument.
2. Conclude: Provide a Final Evaluation by Referring back to your Arguments
Of course, a conclusion needs provide a final evaluative statement. If your essay is a persuasive or argumentative essay that asks you to take a stand, this is even more important.
The risk students run here is making their writing sound like propaganda. To prevent this, ensure your statement is balanced.
I like to use the formula below:
- Refer to evidence. In the first third of the sentence, refer back to the arguments in the essay.
- Use a hedging statement. Hedges when writing analysis verbs make your work sound more balanced and contemplative, and less biased. Hedges make you sound wise. A hedging statement withholds from being overly confident and unequivocal and softens your claims. Common hedges are: “it appears”, “it seems”, “the best current evidence is”, and “it is likely the case that”. These are the opposite of Boosters, which you should avoid. A booster is a statement like: “the data confirms”, “the truth of the matter is” and “it is undoubtedly true that”.
- State your conclusion. Conclude the sentence with your final evaluation.
Let’s have a look at how to use this formula of: Refer to evidence + Use a hedging statement + State your conclusion. See below:
Here’s an example. Imagine your essay question was “Should all recreational drugs be decriminalised?” You could state in your final evaluation:
- (1) The evidence from both population data and criminological studies that were presented in this article (2) appears to indicate that (3) decriminalization of drugs would both save money and decrease drug overdoses.
This is far better than a propagandizing statement like:
- This essay has totally debunked the idea that the war on drugs has done any good for society. Decriminalizing drugs will save money and lives, and it should be done immediately.
The first example sentence above would almost always get a higher grade than the second. It shows balance and reduces the chance your reader will accuse you of bias. This is a secret sauce for top marks: hedge, hedge and hedge some more!
Read Also: 39 Better Ways to Write ‘In Conclusion’ in an Essay
3. Clarify: Clarify the relevance of your statement to the Essay Question.
Read back through your conclusion and make sure that it directly answers the essay question. Too often, students write a few thousand words and end up talking about something completely different to what they began with.
Remember: you’re being marked on something very specific. It doesn’t matter how great and well formulated your argument is if it doesn’t answer the specific essay question.
To ensure you conclusion clearly addresses the research question, you might want to paraphrase some phrases from the essay question.
Here are some examples:
- If your essay question is about Nurses’ bedside manner, you’re probably going to want to use the phrase “bedside manner” in the conclusion a few times.
- If your essay question is about comparing renaissance and classical art, you better make sure you use the terms “renaissance art” and “classical art” a few times in that conclusion!
It is important to use paraphrasing here rather than explicitly stating the essay question word-for-word. For my detailed advice on how to paraphrase, visit my 5-step paraphrasing post .
4. Concern: Who should be concerned with this topic?
One of the best indicators that you know a topic well is to show how it relates to real life. The topic you have discussed is likely to have some relevance to someone, somewhere, out there in the world.
Make sure you state who it is that should be paying attention to your essay. Here’s my top suggestions for people who may be concerned with the topic:
- Policy makers. Is this a topic where new laws or regulations need to be introduced that could improve people’s lives? If so, you could provide a statement that explains that “Policy makers should …” do something in light of the evidence you have provided.
- Practitioners. If you’re doing a university degree that ends with a specific career, chances are the topic is relevant to that career. If you’re writing an essay on teaching methods, the essay is probably going to be something that teachers should be concerned about. Here’s an example: “Teachers need to know about children’s different learning styles in order to make sure their lessons are inclusive of all learning styles in the classroom.”
You’re in the best position to know who should be concerned with your topic. I can be any key stakeholder at all: parents, children, new immigrants, prisoners, prison guards, nurses, doctors, museum curators … you name it! It really depends on your topic.
5. Consequences: End by stating why the topic is important.
Your final statement can be something inspiring, interesting and relevant to real life. This is the opposite to the ‘hook’ in the introduction. While the hook draws your reader into the essay, your closing sentence sends your reader back out into the world, hopefully utterly convinced by you that this is a topic worthy of reflecting upon.
Here are some examples of a final sentence:
- “The sheer number of Shakespearian words and phrases that are common in the English language should show why Shakespeare remains the most significant literary figure in British history.”
- “The disastrous consequences of American regime change wars in the middle east that have been outlined in this paper highlights the case that the United States should not intervene in the Venezuelan political crisis.”
Remember when I said earlier that using hedges is good for your argument? The final sentence in the essay is the one place where maybe, just maybe, you can use the opposite: a Booster.
How to write a Conclusion with the 5C’s Method: Sample Conclusion Paragraph
Writing conclusions for your essay can be hard. With the 5 C’s paragraph model you can get a bit of an idea about how to write a conclusion that will amaze your teacher. Here’s the model one last time:
Chris Drew (PhD)
Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education.
- Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/admin/ Uses and Gratifications Theory: Examples and Definition
- Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/admin/ Urban Realms Model (Definition, Examples, Strengths, Weaknesses)
- Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/admin/ Social Construction of Gender: 10 Examples and Definition
- Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/admin/ Stereotype Threat: 15 Examples, Definition, Criticisms
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How to Write a Conclusion for an Essay: 101 Guide & Examples
The conclusion is the last paragraph in your paper that draws the ideas and reasoning together. However, its purpose does not end there. A definite essay conclusion accomplishes several goals:
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- It provides a summary of the arguments;
- It addresses other important questions regarding the topic;
- It makes the reader think about the essay;
- It speculates what will happen in the future.
Therefore, a conclusion usually consists of :
- A restated thesis;
- A brief summary of subpoints;
- A sentence that produces the final impression.
Our experts prepared this guide, where you will find great tips on how to conclude your essay. If you incorporate them into your work, you will be able to write an outstanding essay ending.
🚧 Connect to the Body
⛏️ restate the thesis, 🧱 summarize.
- ⛔ What to Avoid
💯 Conclusion Examples
🏗️ 101 guide on writing a conclusion.
Writing a concluding paragraph is, in a way, similar to writing an introduction . An introduction tells the readers what you are about to say. Meanwhile, a conclusion retells what you said in the essay.
Nevertheless, there are a lot of differences, as well. The conclusion is not about introducing new ideas but restating them. The structure below will help you if you are wondering how to write an excellent conclusion for the essay.
Keep in mind:
When writing a concluding paragraph, you should go from specific information to a general one. Thus, you’ll write it, mirroring the introduction to the paper, which starts with the overall context and ends with a thesis.
You should adequately introduce a conclusion and connect it to the body paragraphs. For that, you can either come up with a transition word or a transition statement .
Make sure to search for something more creative than “to sum up” or “finally.” There are hundreds of ways to conclude an essay. For that, you can search for transition words that look fresh and not overused.
A list of original transitions:
- All things considered
- As a result
- As I stated in the beginning
- Consequently
- Subsequently
- This leads back to
- Without a doubt
The next step is to restate the thesis from your introduction. However, you shouldn’t repeat it word to word. Try to find a new effective way to express the same idea and develop it further.
Receive a plagiarism-free paper tailored to your instructions.
The evidence presented in this paper has shown that the controversy on whether a strict dress-code policy is beneficial for schools is yet to be resolved.
Also, the example shows how to start a conclusion. The author makes a transition from the body paragraph by reminding what controversy the essay tried to address.
Instead of repeating your essay point by point, you should give a summary and synthesize the arguments. The conclusory paragraph’s goal is to wrap up the essay and answer a “so what?”. Combining the ideas into a coherent paragraph will do the trick. To help yourself out with this task, try using a main idea generator and use the results as an inspiration for your own summary.
You should aim to show that there is a link between all the points you have made throughout the essay. Let your reader know that you have connected the dots.
In the meantime, one must admit that such outfits are uncomfortable, and the school uniform policy indeed damages students’ self-perception. Even though teenagers who wear uniforms get used to the working environment and improve grades, they lack freedom of individual expression.
Here, the author summarizes all the points by demonstrating the problems of wearing a school uniform. It prepares the reader for the final part of the conclusion—a conclusion statement.
👷 Conclude with a Statement
It is the last part of the essay, and one might claim that it’s the most crucial one. It is your last chance to convince your readers. Besides, an outstanding concluding statement creates a sense of completeness.
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You can do it in three ways:
- Connect the statement to the hook. It will create a definite closure in the entire essay as the end will be linked to the beginning. Logical reasoning is exceptionally significant. By coming up with a proper conclusion sentence, you can demonstrate it.
- Make it short and straightforward. You said everything you wanted in the body, and now it’s the time to create a final effect. Uncomplicated and short sentences can help you produce it.
- Create a compound statement or parallel in structure . Such sentences have a sense of balance and look beautiful on the page.
Therefore, school authorities should consider seeking other ways to deal with problems of discipline and inequality on their grounds, rather than implementing only cosmetic changes, which harms students’ originality.
⛔ What to Avoid in a Conclusion
Here are a few tips on ways to conclude an essay by making it more appealing to the reader:
- Do not introduce new ideas. The concluding paragraph should be concise and straightforward. You already had enough time to explain your position and provide evidence for the readers to understand it.
- Do not try to fit everything in your conclusion. If you think the point is essential, then you should include it. Otherwise, cut it off.
- Do not repeat your thesis statement. It is more than paraphrasing or summarizing it—develop it according to the body.
- Do not use too many words. You have to remember about space, as your conclusion should be around 10% of the essay.
- Do not provide your personal opinion out of the blue. If it’s not based on your argumentation and evidence, keep it to yourself.
If you are still wondering: “How do you conclude an essay?” this article can help you learn some essential tips. The sample essay’s conclusion is summarizing and synthesizing the principal points of the piece. It restates the thesis statement and emphasizes the general significance of the topic. You can also try and use a sentence summarizer on your own text to check out a wider variety of examples.
The evidence presented in this paper has shown that the controversy on whether a strict dress-code policy is beneficial for schools is yet to be resolved. In the meantime, one must admit that such outfits are uncomfortable, and the school uniform policy indeed damages students’ self-perception. Even though teenagers who wear uniforms get used to the working environment and improve grades, they lack freedom of individual expression. Therefore, school authorities should consider seeking other ways to deal with problems of discipline and inequality on their grounds, rather than implementing only cosmetic changes, which harms students’ originality.
Thank you for reading this article, and don’t hesitate to share it with your peers. If you want to improve your essay-writing skills, look at the materials provided on our website. We have plenty of tips on how to write better essays !
- Ending the Essay—Conclusions: Pat Bellanca, for the Writing Center at Harvard University
- The Conclusion of the Essay: University of Wollongong
- Conclusions: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Transitional Words and Phrases: The Writing Center, University of Wisconsin-Wadison
- Essay Conclusion: OWLL, Massey University, University of New Zealand
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In Summary: 10 Examples of Essay Conclusions
The conclusion of an essay may be the toughest section to write. Think about it; you're really tired at this point. It's probably the night before your paper is due and you just want to be done . So, the temptation is there to simply rush through it, and hope that your teacher is exhausted once she gets to your paper and doesn't bother to read it fully.
But the conclusion is probably the most important part of the paper. It ties everything together up nicely in the end. Not writing a good conclusion would be like if we never found out if Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy got together or if we never knew what that monster was in the Upside Down in "Stranger Things." Though not every ending has to be 100% conclusive (in fact, most endings never are— think the movie Inception ), it does have to have a well-thought out conclusion.
So, how do you write a good conclusion? What are the key components of a solid conclusion? What does a thorough and effective conclusion look like?
Read on for more information about our conclusion on conclusions.
What are the key components of a good conclusion?
Remember that thesis statement which you wrote in the first or second paragraph of your essay? You know, the one where you stated a claim about something? You argued something about a topic and you used the body paragraphs to prove your thesis statement through all of the research that you've performed.
Now that you've fully explained the research and the support for your thesis statement throughout the body of the paper, it's time to come back to that original idea in the conclusion. The conclusion basically asks us to do a few things:
- Restate the main idea of the paper (why you wrote this entire long piece to begin with).
- Summarize all the key points you made throughout the body of the paper (things that proved your thesis statement).
- Write about why this paper and topic are important, and leave the reader with ideas for additional research or maybe some questions that didn't get answered. The idea is that you want to leave the reader with a long-lasting impression. This is your opportunity to really drive your point home and to use some really interesting language.
Okay, so now that we have a game plan of how we need to write a good conclusion and what components consists of, let's look at a few examples of some sample essay conclusions.
Essay conclusion 1 — Why Ross didn't deserve Rachel on "Friends"
Although viewers always expected Ross and Rachel to reunite at the end of the series, the fact remains that Ross didn't deserve Rachel as a partner. As we saw in the beginning of the series, Ross was unfaithful to Rachel when they had been dating for over a year, and he didn't want to admit his wrongdoing when they tried to get back together after their initial breakup. Additionally, Ross was an extremely jealous and demanding partner, yelling at Rachel in front of all of their friends on several occasions. Finally, and most egregiously, Ross had a terrible reaction when Rachel told Ross she was pregnant after Monica and Chandler's wedding, making him an undesirable romantic partner for her, or any other character on the show for that matter. This conclusion is especially apparent after viewing the show more than 10 years after the final episode aired and having a collectively better understanding of women's rights and domestic abuse in relationships.
Essay conclusion 2 — Should students be allowed to have cell phones in elementary school?
In conclusion, although it's easy to see why allowing an elementary school child to have a cell phone would be convenient for after-school pickups or arranging playdates with friends, there is too much evidence to show that it's generally not a good idea. Children already have a lot of access to media (on average over seven hours per day) and it is the parent's responsibility to monitor their media access, which is more difficult if the child has exclusive cell phone access. Cyber bullying, which is increasingly becoming a problem, is also going to be a risk when your child has unlimited access to a smart phone. Clearly, elementary school-aged children are not emotionally mature enough to handle the responsibility of a smart phone, and the borrowing of a parent's cell phone should be highly monitored to ensure safe and healthful usage.
Essay conclusion 3 — Should sexual education be taught in public schools?
It's clear that sexual education is completely vital to the public-school curriculum. Not only does this lead to a better understanding of human development and human sexuality, but awareness and sex education also reduce the rates of teen pregnancy. Studies have shown that comprehensive sexual education increases the age of when teens have sex for the first time. Learning about contraception and how to use contraception correctly ultimately leads to lower rates of STDs. Lastly, comprehensive sex education also teaches students about consensual sex, and will hopefully lead to healthier sexual relationships and lower rates of sexual assault in the future. Not only should sex education be taught in public schools, but it should be mandatory for all public-school systems.
Essay conclusion 4 — What are the biggest challenges for women in the workplace?
Women have outnumbered men on the payroll in nonfarm jobs since 2010, but even with a majority of females in the office, there are still huge challenges for them at work. One of the biggest issues, which has been widely covered and debated on, is the fact that women still earn less of a wage for the same job as their male counterparts. Now that women are the breadwinners of many families, this is stunting economic growth and opportunity for their children. Additionally, women are less likely to be in charge at work. With less than 6% of Fortune 500 companies with a female CEO, women have a steeper hill to climb at the very top echelon of jobs. With a more level playing field, women's opportunities will increase and the workforce will ultimately be more inviting for all.
Essay conclusion 5 — You're having dinner with your favorite author. What happens? Describe the scene.
Harper Lee puts down her cup of coffee on the table, quietly scanning the room for an exit.
I'm nervous, wondering what to say to end this surreal evening.
"Thank you so much for meeting with me. I know that you're a very private person, and I can't tell you how much this means to me."
She smiles slightly at me and waves at the waiter for the check, which he brings promptly.
Essay conclusion 6 — Should music with curse words be allowed at school dances?
Language can be powerful and sometimes even harmful, but censorship of language is one of the worst things we can do as a society. I believe that the content of the song is more important than a few curse words. If a song's content is designed to provoke, intimidate, or make someone feel inferior, then I believe that is more harmful than a few impolite words in a chorus.
Essay conclusion 7 — What is something that should be taught in school that isn't?
Financial literacy is one of the most important things a person needs to understand as a fully functional adult. It's crucial for someone to be able to know how to purchase a car, open a bank account, invest in a 401k plan, and pay back his or her student debt all while being able to balance paying rent and saving money. Financial literacy should be taught to students while they are still in high school so that they can feel prepared to go out on their own and make a positive contribution to society.
Essay conclusion 8 — Is an increased dependence on technology good for society?
Technology surely isn't going anywhere. If anything, we will become more and more dependent on the capabilities of our smartphones and other devices in the future. However, we have to make sure that this dependence on technology isn't making us lazier or less curious about the world around us. With more knowledge available than ever before with today's technology, people are less discerning about what kind of materials they read and whether or not those materials are factual. People are also less likely to make a personal connection with someone while they're out in the world, which can increase levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Ultimately, we have to learn how to co-exist with technology in a way that is both healthful and constructive.
Essay conclusion 9 — Should schools start later in the morning?
There are some clear benefits to starting school later in the morning for K-12 students such as better academic performance and improved sleeping schedules. Although it might take a bit of rearranging schedules for parents to take their kids to school later on in the day, it's more important that students perform better academically than for the drop-off to be convenient for the parents on their way to work. To combat this, increased bus routes and crossing guards should be implemented so that parents who have to get to work at a certain time can be assured that their kids are making it to school safely.
Essay conclusion 10 — How do video games affect children and teenagers?
Video games have been an integral part of childhood and adolescence for a few decades now, but the effects on aggression levels and exposure to violence may make us take pause on how much exposure parents should let their kids have to these games. The video game industry is growing exponentially, and as the technology and video quality increase so does the ability to separate virtual reality from reality. Games with violent content are known to cause aggressive and sometimes even violent behavior in teens. Many video games, first-person shooter games in particular, have violent content. When the player is rewarded for violent behavior in the game, it reinforces the subtle idea that violence is acceptable and can be used in real life. With busy schedules and easy access to so much media, it's difficult for parents to be able to oversee everything that their children are exposed to. Video game designers should be held accountable for the violent content in their games, and a push should be made for more parental oversight and rules on video game usage.
In conclusion of conclusions
Conclusions are really just about wrapping things up. You want to be as succinct as possible, you want to reiterate the points you've already made throughout the essay, and you want to be compelling. With a little bit of practice and revision, you should be able to get the process down in no time. And if you need help with revising your conclusion or any other part of your paper, be sure to seek out the advice of a trusted teacher or a writing center, or hire one of our professional editors to give you a second opinion on your paper.
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Conclusions are so important. However, there seem to be many ways of writing them. How to write well-balanced conclusions?
2. Recap main points: In 1-2 sentences for each main example you gave, sum up the main point. 3. Reiterate your analysis: Restate your analysis of the topic in
Conclude with a sentence that's compound or parallel in structure; such sentences can establish a sense of balance or order that may feel just right at the end
How to Write an Impactful Conclusion Paragraph that Leaves a Positive Impression · Read What is Written · Re-emphasize Your Viewpoint · Discuss
Yet further conventional wisdom about how to approach conclusions can be vague and conflicting: Restate your main points, but don't repeat
There is an unspoken rule that the introduction and conclusion of an academic paper should both be about 10% of the overall paper's volume. For
How to write a Conclusion: The Five-C Conclusion Method ; 1 Close the loop. Return to a statement you made in the introduction. ; 2 Conclude. Show
How to write a conclusion for your research paper · 1. Restate your research topic · 2. Restate the thesis · 3. Summarize the main points of your
Conclude with a Statement · Connect the statement to the hook. It will create a definite closure in the entire essay as the end will be linked
What are the key components of a good conclusion? · Restate the main idea of the paper (why you wrote this entire long piece to begin with).