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Using LaTeX for writing research papers
Many researchers are using Microsoft Word for writing research papers . However, Microsoft Word has several problems or limitations. In this blog post, I will discuss the use of LaTeX as an alternative to Microsoft Word for writing research papers .
What is LaTeX?
LaTeX is a document preparation system, proposed in the 1980s. It is used to create documents such as research papers , books, or even slides for presentations.
The key difference between LaTeX and software like Microsoft Word is that Microsoft Word let you directly edit your document and immediately see the result, while using LaTeX is a bit like programming. To write a research paper using LaTeX , you have to write a text file with the .tex extension using a formatting language to roughly indicate how your paper should look like. Then, you can run the LaTeX engine to generate a PDF file of your research paper. The following figure illustrate this process:

In the above example, I have created a very simple LaTeX document ( Example.tex ) and then I have generated the corresponding PDF for visualization ( Example.pdf ).
Why using LaTeX?
There are several reasons why many researchers prefer LaTeX to Microsoft Word for writing research papers . I will explain some of them, and then I will discuss also some problems about using LaTeX .
Reason 1: LaTeX papers generally look better
LaTeX papers often look better than papers written using Microsoft Word. This is especially true for fields like computer science, mathematics and engineering where mathematical equations are used. To illustrate this point, I will show you some screenshots of a paper that I have written for the ADMA 2012 conference a few years ago. For this paper, I had made two versions: one using the Springer LNCS LaTeX template and the other one using the Springer LNCS Microsoft Word template.
This is the first page of the paper.

The first page is quite similar. The main difference is the font being used, which is different using LaTeX . Personally, I prefer the default LaTeX font. Now let’s compare how the mathematical equations appears in Latex and Word.

Here, we can see that mathematical symbols are more beautiful using LaTeX . For example, the set union and the subset inclusion operators are in my opinion quite ugly in Microsoft Word. The set union operator of Word looks too much like the letter “U”. In this example, the mathematical equations are quite simple. But LaTeX really shines when displaying more complex mathematical equations, for example using matrices.
Now let’s look at another paragraph of text from the paper to further compare the appearance of Word and LaTeX papers :

In the above picture, it can be argued that both LaTeX and Word papers look quite similar. For me, the big difference is again in the font being used. In the Springer Word template, the Times New Roman font, while LaTeX has its own default font. I prefer the LaTeX font. Also, I think that the URLs look better in LaTeX using the url package.
Reason 2: LaTeX is available for all platforms
The LaTeX system is free and available for most operating systems, and documents will look the same on all operating systems.
To install LaTeX on your computer you need to install a LaTeX distribution such as MikTeK ( https://miktex.org/ ). After installing LaTeX , you can start working on LaTeX documents using a text editor such as Notepad. However, it is more convenient to also install an editor such as TexWorks or WinShell. Personally, I use TexWorks. This is a screenshot of my working environment using TexWorks:

I will open my LaTeX document on the left window. Then, the right window will display the PDF generated by LaTeX . Thus, I can work on the LaTeX code of my documents on the left and see the result on the right.
If you want to try LaTeX without installing it on your computer, you can use an online LaTeX editor such as ShareLatex (http://www.sharelatex.org ) or OverLeaf. Using these editors, it is not necessary to install LaTeX on your computer. I personally sometimes use ShareLatex as it also has some function for collaboration (history, chat, etc.), which is very useful when working on a research paper with other people.
Reason 3: LaTeX offers many packages
Besides the basic functionalities of LaTeX , you can install hundreds of packages to add more features to LaTeX . If you use MikTek for example, there is a tool called the “MikTek package manager” that let you choose and install packages. There are packages for about everything from packages to display algorithms to packages for displaying chessboards. For example, here is some algorithm pseudocode that I have written in one of my recent paper using a LaTeX package called algorithm2e :

As you can see the presentation of the algorithm is quite nice. Doing the same using Word would be very difficult. For example, it would be quite difficult to add a vertical line for the “for” loop using Microsoft Word.
Reason 4: You don’t need to worry about how your document will look like
When writing a LaTeX document, you don’t need to worry about how your final document will look like. For example, you don’t need to worry about where the figures and tables will appear in your document or where the page breaks will be. All of this is handled by the LaTeX engine during the compilation of your document. When writing document, you only need to use some basic formatting instructions such as indicating when a new section starts in your document. This let you focus on writing .
Reason 5: LaTeX can generate and update your bibliography automatically
Another reason for using LaTeX is that it can generate the bibliography of a document automatically. There are different ways of writing a bibliography using LaTeX . One of the most common way is to use a .bib file. A .bib file provide a list of references that can be used in your document. Then, you can use these references in your .tex document using the \cite{} command and the bibliography will be automatically generated.
I will illustrate this with an example:

A), I have created a Latex document (a . tex file) where I cite a paper called “efim” using the LaTeX command \cite{efim} .
B) I have created a corresponding LaTeX bib file that provides bibliographical information about the “efim” paper.
C) I have generated the PDF file using the .tex file and the .bib file. As you can see, the \cite{} command has been replaced by 25, and the corresponding entry 25 has been automatically generated in the correct format for this paper and added to the bibliography.
The function for generating a bibliography using LaTeX can save a lot of time to researchers especially for documents containing many references such as thesis, books, and journal papers .
Moreover, once you have created a .bib file, you can reuse it in many different papers . And it is also very easy to change the style of your bibliography. For example, if you want to change from the APA style to the IEEE style, it can be done almost automatically, which saves lot of time.
In Microsoft Word, there is some basic tool for generating a bibliography but it provides much less features than LaTeX .
Reason 6: LaTeX works very well for large documents
LaTeX also provides many features that are useful for large documents such as Ph.D thesis and books . These features include generating tables of contents, tables of figures, and dividing a document into several files. Some of these features are also provided in Microsoft Word but are not as flexible as in LaTeX . I have personally written both my M.Sc. and Ph.D. thesis using LaTeX and I have saved a lot of time by doing this. I have simply downloaded the LaTeX style file from my university and then used it in my LaTeX document, and after that all my thesis was properly formatted according to the university style, without too much effort.
Problems of LaTeX
Now, let’s talk about the disadvantage or problems faced using LaTeX . The first problem is that there is a somewhat steep learning curve . LaTeX is actually not so difficult to learn but it is more difficult than using Word. It is necessary to learn various commands for preparing LaTeX documents. Moreover, some errors are not so easy to debug. However, the good news is that there exist some good places to ask questions and obtain answers when encountering problems with LaTeX such as Tex.StackExchange ( http://tex.stackexchange.com/ ). There also exist some free books such as the Not So Short Introduction To LaTeX that are quite good for learning LaTeX , and that I use as reference. Actually, although, there is a steep learning curve, I think that it is an excellent investment to learn to use LaTeX for researchers. Moreover, some journals in academia actually only accept LaTeX papers .
The second problem with LaTeX is that it is actually not necessary to use LaTeX for writing simple documents. LaTeX is best used for large documents or documents with complex layouts or for special needs such as displaying mathematical equations and algorithms. I personally use LaTeX only for writing research papers . For other things, I use Microsoft Word. Some people also use LaTeX for preparing slides using packages such as beamer , instead of using Powerpoint. This can be useful for preparing a presentation with lot of mathematical equations.
In this blog post, I have discussed the use of LaTeX for writing research papers . I hope that you have enjoyed this blog post.
— Philippe Fournier-Viger is a professor of Computer Science and also the founder of the open-source data mining software SPMF, offering more than 120 data mining algorithms.
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Use LaTeX templates to write scientific papers

As researchers, we have to write and publish scientific papers to let the world know about our work. The process of preparing a scientific paper can be enjoyable, but it can also be arduous.
Different journals and publishers have different requirements about how we should format our submission. The title page should include certain items, the headers should be bold and italic, references should be formatted in this style, etc. The Instructions to Authors of many journals are long and overwhelming, which may deter potential authors.
When I was a PhD student, I found it strange that journals had so many Instructions on how to prepare a manuscript, but never provided a downloadable template as a .doc or .docx. If I had a template with [Insert title here] , [Insert Abstract here; 400 words] , etc, where the various elements were already formatted correctly, I could focus on writing my paper and not on formatting my paper. Moreover, editors and reviewers would likely have an easier time of dealing with submissions that were more uniform in their style.
Fear not! Many journals and publishers have LaTeX templates that can be downloaded and used in just this way. While these LaTeX files may seem a little intimidating if you have never opened up a .tex file before, most are fairly straightforward and actually include key points from the Instructions to Authors as dummy text in the article or as comments.
Example: writing a paper for a PLOS journal
How do we find LaTeX templates? As is often the case, Google is your friend.
A simple Google search reveals that there is a LaTeX template for all of the PLOS journals. You can download the plos-latex-template.zip file, which contains three files:
- plos_latex_template.tex : This is the file you would open in your text or LaTeX editor to write your paper.
- plos_latex_template.pdf : This is the PDF file generated from the current text entered in the plos_latex_template.tex file.
- plos2015.bst : This is the file that LaTeX will use to appropriately format the references in your paper. References, managing references, and formatting references are a huge topic and will be the focus of one or more future posts.
A copy of these files is also available here .
The title and author section of the first page of plos_latex_template.pdf looks like this:

As you can see it looks very professional and complies with the journal format.
If you open up the plos_latex_template.tex file, there are approximately 70 lines of comments and instructions on how to prepare your article. If you are new to LaTeX, many of these instructions will seem like gibberish. But don’t worry, this won’t stop you from drafting your first article. With a little bit of patience, and possibly reading our series of LaTeX blog posts, you will soon be able to make sense of these instructions.
The actual document starts on line 175. Below we can see the part of the LaTeX document that relates to the title and author section from the PDF document:
While some of the LaTeX commands might seem intimidating at first, you can safely ignore them. Simply replace the dummy text with your own text. For example, if I wanted to write the title of my paper, I would enter the following:
As you can see, I simply entered the title of my paper “ScientificallySound as a resource for scientists” between the curly brackets. Also, I followed the instructions provided in the document, which tell me that I should use “sentence case”. Speaking of these instructions, note that text that follows a percentage sign (i.e. %) is a comment in LaTeX. Comments do not appear in the final PDF.
Special symbols and characters.
If the percentage sign is used to start comments in LaTeX documents, how do we obtain a percentage sign in our final PDF document? In this case, you would put a back slash in front of it, for example 25\% . This tells LaTeX that you want a percentage sign in your text, not start a comment.
This convention may seem overly complex, especially if you are not used to computer programming. It does take a little time to get use to, but soon enough it will become automatic.
What about other special characters? We will address some of these in a future post, but the easiest thing is to Google your question. Also, many modern LaTeX editors such as Texmaker , Lyx and Texstudio have look-up tools similar to the special character look-up in Microsoft Word. You look up the symbol or character you want, click on it and the correspond LaTeX command gets inserted into your text.
Templates for other journal and publishers
Many publishers provide LaTeX templates. For example:
Some journals offer their own templates, and researchers who have created templates that adhere to the Instructions to Authors for a given journal often make these files freely available. For example:
Given that many journals now accept a generically formatted PDF for a first submission, it is possible to use a generic article template to prepare your paper.
- generic article
- short article
- various article formats
Lastly, there are online services that let researchers prepare LaTeX articles in the cloud. These services, such as Overleaf and authorea , provide hundreds of templates. Importantly, using these services means you don’t need LaTeX installed on your computer. Depending on the service and whether or not your institution has an agreement or contract with the service, you may be able to collaborate simultaneously with other authors, regardless of where they are located in the world. Moreover, you can leave comments, track changes, retain a history of your changes, and integrate version control software such as git and github . Given the benefits of such services, they will be the focus of an upcoming post.
LaTeX templates can save you lots of time.
However, there is more to writing a paper in LaTeX then simply downloading a template and filling in the required bits. How do you generate the pretty PDF? How do you get references and figures into the document? How do I share these files with my co-authors? These are all important questions, and we will be deal with them in the next few blog posts.
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Is it worth it to master LaTeX or MS Word?
I want to know, if I submit a paper to a journal, will they change the formatting of the paper? For example, will they change the position of the tables or the figures?
If they change these, then I think it is not necessary for me to learn MS Word or LaTeX in depth. As long as I can write the paper in a readable manner, it should be fine because the journal will make the format better if the paper is accepted. But if there is a specific style and format of the papers published in the journal which must be fulfilled by the authors, then it is a different story.
My field is physics and biophysics.

- 18 How do you produce your Tikz figures unless you know LaTeX quite in depth? Kidding a bit with that, but it's worth mentioning that LaTeX (and possibly, Word, too) can bring other benefits beside properly formatting your document or positioning of floats. – O. R. Mapper Oct 19, 2015 at 20:29
- 10 There's a long range between "mastering" and "being reasonably proficient in". Make sure to learn the things that actually make your work easier - like using proper indenting and paragraphing. Yes, I've seen papers that use spaces for indenting and endlines for paragraphs (it's usually preserved in the PDFs) - the problem isn't that they're rejected, it's that you're wasting tons of your time for no reason. The requirements of the individual journals will tend to vary - you'll want to check their individual guidelines before committing yourself. But removing formatting is usually quite easy :) – Luaan Oct 20, 2015 at 7:58
- 39 "Is it worth it to master Latex or MS Word?" Yes to the first, no to the second. – Pouya Oct 20, 2015 at 10:44
- 5 You certainly do not need to master LaTeX to be able to use the journal templates. The nice thing about LaTeX is that it tends to produce very good output by default. If you are content with the template's default, then no need to learn it in depth. But you should learn enough to at least be able to write proper equations, tables, figure captions, tell the difference between \langle and < , use references and BibTeX ... You don't need to be able to work with low-level boxes or write LaTeX packages though. – Szabolcs Oct 20, 2015 at 12:20
- 7 @Pouya: outside of some specific academia, the word LaTeX is not known, not ot mention that this is software, not to mention that this software does typesetting, not to mention that the word typesetting is also unknown. In contrast to that Microsoft Word usually rings a bell, or is widely used. – WoJ Oct 20, 2015 at 21:22
12 Answers 12
This depends entirely on the journal policy, which in turn tends to depend strongly on field. For example:
- In computer science and electrical engineering, many ACM and IEEE journals expect papers to be turned in using a format that is very close to publication and then re-format little if at all. For these journals, good mastery of LaTeX is a must.
- Many biology journals, by contrast, will refuse to take nicely formatted submissions and require text to be submitted separately from figures. For these journals, you mostly just need to know how to use your citation manager.
Beyond looking at individual journals, I would say that a good rule of thumb is to consider how many equations you are likely to publish. The more mathematical your work, the more likely that your publication venue is to have embraced LaTeX and the more benefit expertise with it is likely to be to you.

- 6 This - it will depend strongly on the journal and field. You could have a long, thriving and productive career in my field and never submit a thing in LaTeX. – Fomite Oct 19, 2015 at 22:55
- 10 That being said, LaTeX is a pretty nice skill to have all around – David says Reinstate Monica Oct 20, 2015 at 3:29
- 32 LaTeX is good for more than just equations - it is a very good tool too if you publish exactly zero equations. Ironically, LaTeX's strength is really more its labelling and referencing s well as the abundance of dedicated tools (packages) to do specific jobs. You can produce high quality schematics in LaTeX, no chance in Word, you can draw chemical molecules in LaTeX, no chance in Word, etc. - As a LaTeX user myself, I even pick it for little stuff that has little need for equations - because it is the better tool for writing documents. – DetlevCM Oct 20, 2015 at 9:39
- 10 @DetlevCM And, you know, high-quality typesetting. Something that Word et al. are notoriously bad at. – Raphael Oct 20, 2015 at 15:02
- 4 What @DetlevCM said. It's the better tool to write documents . As in, structured documents. – Tobia Tesan Oct 20, 2015 at 17:39
tldr; You use what your co-authors use.
Long answer: Academia is the mostly world of networking and collaboration. Efficient work with your colleagues and peers involves joint writing and editing: for academic publication, teaching, and even administration purposes. To work efficiently as a member of the team, you need to master the tools which other colleagues are using. You can figure this out by asking around. However, for some subject areas, the answer can be easily guessed: for example in Mathematics LaTeX is a tool of trade, whereas in Social Sciences or Humanities people can be unaware of its existence. I can not say about your area (biophysics), consider asking your colleagues what they use.

- 2 Follow-up question: How can there be any progress then? I mostly follow this advice for writing manuscripts and are stuck with Word (but have basic knowledge of LaTeX). But luckily I didn't follow this advice when analyzing data or I would still be stuck with Excel (and probably wouldn't have my current job). – Roland Oct 20, 2015 at 12:05
- 3 That's a chicken-egg answer. Also, most people start using tools before they have any co-authors. I myself (and some friends) started using LaTeX in our third semester. – Raphael Oct 20, 2015 at 16:18
- 3 @Roland I suppose what I really wanted to say is, "you use at least what your co-authors use". Of you feel you need more, of course, you go forward and learn new things as well. Thank you. – Dmitry Savostyanov Oct 20, 2015 at 19:39
- 1 +1 for collaboration but and (it's a big but), you have to do what's appropriate for the paper as well. For example a paper that contains more than the usual amount/complexity of equations for your field, written with a co-author who doesn't use LaTeX and relies on word's "track changes" feature. Or even a paper with a lot of citations and cross-referencing. In my case the (senior) co-author in questions was amenable and I wrote the text in word with LaTeX citation/cross-referencing commands in it. (and pasted equations in as images; they didn't change). The final submission was LaTeX. – Chris H Oct 21, 2015 at 8:36
- 1 @KonradViltersten "tldr;" section is a one-line answer, written for those who can find my "Long answer" to be tldr; – Dmitry Savostyanov Oct 22, 2015 at 10:13
Somewhat echoing other comments and answers: no, don't think of "mastering" any particular type-setting software, but, on the other hand, yes , it is probably worthwhile to become sufficiently proficient in whatever you choose, so that you do not spend much cognitive energy on typesetting per se, as opposed to content . The particular choice of typesetting system depends on your context, of course, ...
(I myself was coerced to learn some details of (La)TeX in order to satisfy the late-adapter/adopter-incompetence of some publishers in the early 1990s. That is, I "needed" to figure out how to do really-low-level things like move the location of the page-number... This was and is a stupid way to spend time, but maybe unavoidable in some contexts... Similarly, had to have everything sufficiently controlled in pointlessly low-level ways to satisfy the whims of English-major-B.A. editors... so had to retreat from LaTeX to plain TeX to have access to silly things... My advice: do not do any such thing, anymore. Even the heel-draggers have caught up.)
Again, an implicit question somewhat in reaction to "do I have to master...?" is "do I have to have a clue...?", and the answer is "yes". Do not let inability to typeset your work be a noticeable bottleneck.
Another sleeper question: "when you're a novice, should you conform to the formatting and typesetting conventions of the ambient academic culture... or is it ok to get creative...?" :) Well, I tell my own students that conformity is certainly not a high virtue, but it is obviously a convenient virtue, e.g., if one wants to avoid routine dismissal as a crank/crackpot. This is not entirely ridiculous, in fact, I think, since demonstration of awareness of the rituals of a (inevitably, social) group is a positive signal to that group.

- If you ever have the formatting issue now, fancyhdr will help. – DetlevCM Oct 20, 2015 at 9:40
- 3 Word is not a type-setting software. – Raphael Oct 20, 2015 at 15:03
- 3 @Raphael, isn't "Word" just WYSIWYG typesetting software? There are WYSIWYG versions of TeX around, too. – paul garrett Oct 20, 2015 at 16:14
- Well, the answer certainly depends on what you mean by "typesetting". Word (and other word processors) sets letters on "paper", yes. Does it handle any of hyphenation, widows and orphans, (pleasing) justification, kerning (using font metrics), ligatures, or others? No, at least not to my knowledge. – Raphael Oct 20, 2015 at 16:17
- 3 @Raphael, I didn't pretend "Word" and such were good typesetting softwares! :) – paul garrett Oct 20, 2015 at 17:15
I think it depends on what kind of "depth" you are talking about.
You'll certainly want to learn at least one of those systems, to a level of competence that allows you to produce documents that are of comparable quality to your field's standards, and that meet the specifications that journals in your field require.
This does not necessarily require "mastery", just comfort with basic features. Indeed, knowing too much about the system and how to tune it to create very specific and/or unusual effects is probably not helpful. It's much more important to be standard than to be fancy. When very specific formatting or effects are required, journals will often either provide templates and/or style files, or simply do their own formatting.
Some features of these applications are not so much aimed at producing particular effects, but at making it more convenient for you to use them (e.g. citation managers, packages for formatting particular kinds of diagrams, etc). These are things you can pick up to the extent you find they are helpful.
You should be aiming to produce a typeset manuscript of the highest possible quality, regardless of whether the formatting is going to be changed by a journal. Though I can't give a really convincing argument for this, it is something that I passionately believe in, and I hope that the following list of half-reasons might go some way to convincing you.
- It will make you feel good about the research you've done. There are few things more satisfying than putting the final touches to a beautifully typeset piece of work. You will feel proud of the document you've created - and this pride will carry over to the research that you're writing about.
- The formatting and typesetting is an important part of your paper. Nowhere near as important as the scientific content, of course, but when somebody reads your paper, the way the words sit on the page is an important part of the way the information reaches them off the page. Since the primary goal of a research paper is dissemination of information, you should not disregard the matter of how easy the paper is to read. Of course, if the journal messes up the formatting completely then this could become irrelevant, but a good journal typesetting policy should emphasize exactly the same things that are important to you - clarity, elegance and readability - so if you take these things into account, you can be sure that you are producing something as close as possible to what the journal will eventually be printing. If you leave the whole thing as a 'clean-up' exercise to the journal, then you are giving up all control over an important part of the message of your paper.
- As a follow-up to the last point (and others have spoken about this as well), you should remember that the academic journal you are publishing in is just one of the many places that your paper will be read. Pretty much everywhere else, the typesetting that the readers see will be yours, not the journal's. when you submit your article to referees, they will be reading your article, and a poorly formatted MS Word document will be less kindly looked upon than a beautifully typeset LaTeX article (perhaps you can see which way I'm going with this...) If you want to put the preprint of the paper on the ArXiv or on your personal site, then you want it to be as readable as possible - and that means doing the typesetting yourself.
- A rigorous approach to typesetting encourages a rigorous scientific approach. This is mainly relevant if you've got into the (excellent) habit of writing up your research as you go. Learning the best ways to break documents up into sections and recombine and rework them together (part of the 'mastery' of any typesetting system) is an excellent crucible for organizing your research in a truly rigorous and flexible manner. One of the best things about a system like LaTeX (and even MS Word) is that it encourages creating a fully granular, extensible document with different sections that can be moved around if they need to be or improved upon at some stage. This is exactly the attitude that you want to have with your research. If you neglect to master your typesetting system then you run the risk of typing out one large sequential and inflexible document, and this can prejudice your view of your own research in a bad way.
As I say, these are all fairly 'touchy-feely' arguments, and none is convincing on its own, but I strongly believe that together they give a good reason for taking typesetting as seriously as you would if you were preparing a manuscript for direct inclusion into a journal.
The question remains: what typesetting system should you use. As you can probably expect, I recommend mastering LaTeX, as it will give you the largest formatting reward for a relatively small effort. MS Word mastery is not a bad skill to have, but as a scientist I think you will appreciate the direct control over what is happening in LaTeX (and the knowledge of what is going on) over the sometimes cryptic "let's move this diagram over here for no reason" attitude of MS Word. It's more effort to learn, certainly, but you'll soon realize that it was worth it. Sooner than you think, you'll reach a point of fluency in LaTeX where the time you spend formatting your article will be, while considerable, only a small fraction of your research time. That is the ideal situation to be in.
- 3 +1, although " let's move this diagram over here for no reason " still happens quite frequently in my LaTeX documents. – Mangara Oct 21, 2015 at 0:31
- 1 @Mangara: LaTeX figure placement is well-documented and customizable to some extent (though the algorithms aren't easy), unlike Word. But it's indeed somewhat advance LaTeX-fu. – Blaisorblade Oct 21, 2015 at 2:05
- In your last bullet, are you claiming that one can't cut-and-paste a section to another position of the document in Word? – Federico Poloni Oct 21, 2015 at 13:40
- @FedericoPoloni No. That bullet is not anti-Word at all. Rather, it is answering the OP's question: Should one seek to master one's typesetting program (be it Word or LaTeX)? Word has perfectly good mechanisms for moving text around and structuring documents, as I said in that bullet point. You might disagree that cutting and pasting in Word counts as 'mastery', but I think more advanced means of document (re)structuring in Word do come under that category. – John Gowers Oct 21, 2015 at 15:05
- 1 @FedericoPoloni Did you read my comment? I said nothing about Word vs. LaTeX. Indeed, this was one of the positive things I said about Word - it has perfectly good mechanisms for restructuring. – John Gowers Oct 21, 2015 at 21:44
First of all, the publisher will almost certainly change the format of your paper. The extent of the changes, however, vary with publisher. Some publishers prefer LaTeX because the manuscript is close to final form. Other publishers, however, prefer MS Word because their workflow has been built-up around Word documents.
You should become proficient in both MS Word and LaTeX. Here's why.
Reasons to learn LaTeX:
- You're a physicist; that should be reason enough.
- The preprint of your paper (for your personal website, arXiv, etc.) won't look like a manuscript draft.
- You can make great looking CVs, letters, dissertations, grant proposals, etc.
- LaTeX defaults are nice, Word defaults are pretty horrible (tables, margins, figure captions, etc.)
Reasons to learn Word:
- Many of your colleagues will likely use it, thus you will have to as well.
- Some journals may prefer submission in Word.
- The better you know Word, the less you'll have to fight with it when it starts auto-formatting everything and moving your figures around.
If you want to keep your manuscript simple while maintaining flexibility in the output, consider writing in Markdown , then converting to whatever format you like using pandoc .
From your question history and history here, it sounds like you're just starting out in research. Are you planning to write a thesis at some point?
Even for a Masters thesis there are some advantages to using LaTeX, for a science PhD thesis it's indispensible for the following reasons:
- Equations (even simple ones will soon become much easier in LaTeX)
- Cross-referencing of figures and sections within a document: learn a couple of commands and it just works.
- Citations, especially if your field uses a numeric citation style (would you want to renumber 200 citations, some used several times, on the day you send it to the printers?)
There are tools to do most of this in word. Some of them are OK, some are free, but most are rubbish and/or expensive compared to the stuff that's built-in for free in LaTeX.
The relevance of this to paper writing is that learning to use LaTeX specifically for writing a thesis is too hard, too late. Write a few papers in it, maybe the odd internal report as well, and it will be easy by the time you're writing your thesis.
Finally don't miss the very helpful tex.stackexchange.com, where there are plenty of getting-started questions.

It's good to know LaTeX, that will help you a lot, and is arguably essential in science. I agree though, that if you absolutely master Word, that would allow you to make similar looking papers, and the truth of the matter is that Word is extremely powerful, is used to its fullest. Take that as you will.
- 17 "if you absolutely master Word, that would allow you to make similar looking papers" : there is by no means any way how Word can even be compared to LaTeX. – gented Oct 19, 2015 at 22:00
- 11 @GennaroTedesco Of course they can be compared. We show that LaTeX users were slower than Word users, wrote less text in the same amount of time, and produced more typesetting, orthographical, grammatical, and formatting errors. December 19, 2014 study by Markus Knauff and Jelica Nejasmic Our study shows that each document preparation system has unique advantages and disadvantages, and there might be no “best” tool for all aspects of a highly complex task such as producing diverse scientific publications. journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/… – Dan Oct 19, 2015 at 22:26
- 10 @Dan You quote a study with 40 participants on academia .stackexchange.com? No more questions, your honor... – Robert Oct 19, 2015 at 22:42
- 8 "is arguably essential in science" Starting to sound like a broken record here, but not in all parts of science . – Fomite Oct 19, 2015 at 22:54
- 5 @Robert It was literally the first search result, and it supports jakebeal's response. I figured a 40 participant study was better than any one person's opinion. – Dan Oct 19, 2015 at 23:02
In many physics subfields, colleagues will expect you to put your preprints on the arXiv . You may also post them on your website or an institutional website. Those will appear in the way that you format them, without any help from a professional editor.
You're a physicist? Then it's worth it to spend the time to learn LaTeX to a reasonable level. There are a bunch of templates for doing all sorts of neat diagrams about quantum states, those silly operator brackets, and what-have-you. (I'm obviously not a physicist...) None of that in MS-Word - as far as I know.
As for the MS-Word option - these days you have LibreOffice Writer , which is quite powerful, stable, feature-rich and cross-platform. For some cases/issues it has not fully caught up with MS-Word, but it's quite sufficient as your default.
Now, if you're lazy but you want LaTeX-style math at least you could use one of the MS-Word/LibreOffice plugins or extensions or OLE apps which allow this. For MS-Word for example you have Design Science Equation Editor.
Finally, if you're not lazy and actually practice seriously with at least one of these, you'll find it a lot easier to use the other (especially LaTeX -> LibreOffice), because that will get you used to defining themes and styles and sticking to them rather than the "make-this-line-bold, now Enter Enter Enter to get more space" you see people doing.
learn MS Word or LaTeX in depth
Not sure how much understanding is "in depth". If your paper doesn't have any equations, then 1 day is already too much for you to learn Latex from scratch.
Learning Latex is just like learning to type with 10 fingers, or learning to use vim. At first, it seems to take more time, but when you get familiar, you will work in a much more efficient way. For example, maintaining references, links etc in Word is a pain, but in Latex it is just a piece of cake.
However, if you decide to type with 2 fingers in your whole life, you will still be fine. Word is much easier to learn, so it is more popular outside academia and the fields where computer skills are not important, e.g. Humanity and Social Sciences.

- I realized positioning figures and tables at the place I want is harder than Word, and when Latex does it automatically, I don;t like the result. So, I don't think learning Latex is like learning to type with 10 fingers. – MOON Oct 21, 2015 at 7:58
- if you want the figure to stay where it is, simply put \begin{figure}[htp] . That's it. – sean Oct 21, 2015 at 8:05
- Didn't work well for me. – MOON Oct 21, 2015 at 8:07
- Not sure what you want. You can ask a question here: tex.stackexchange.com – sean Oct 21, 2015 at 8:12
- 3 then 1 day is already too much for you to learn Latex from scratch — Presumably you mean "then you can learn latex from scratch in considerably less than 1 day". – JeffE Oct 21, 2015 at 9:13
"Is it worth it to master LaTeX or MS Word?"
Just wanted to echo Dmirty's sentiment , but also mention that LaTeX proficiency is a bit of a niche skill. If you are good at it, it can potentially open other doors for you; I found my current job thanks in part to this. If you like LaTeX and find that you are good at it, it is worth your time to master it since these skills may pay off in other ways. However I cannot really say the same about MS Word, its such a ubiquitous program that you are expected to have some proficiency with it in academia.
- 7 Word is definitely not something you're expected to be proficient with. In my experience, it's legacy software used by administrators. Documents produced with it generally don't display correctly for non-administrators. Word itself doesn't run at all on Linux, and the Mac version is extremely slow. I've heard rumors that Windows can be used outside administrator offices and gaming PCs, but it's been a while since I saw any evidence for it. – Jouni Sirén Oct 20, 2015 at 21:41
- 1 a bit of a niche skill — Unless you work in a field that uses it for everything, like math or physics or theoretical CS. I only use Word for administrative tasks. – JeffE Oct 21, 2015 at 9:15
- @JeffE Of course, far more people work in administrative tasks than in math/physics/CS. – Ypnypn Oct 21, 2015 at 20:24
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Yizhak Ben-Shabat (Itzik), PhD
Research fellow, how to write a paper using latex.
- November 16, 2017
* UPDATE (8.9.18) – I recently discovered a wonderful online LaTex writing tool called overleaf. I strongly recommend it over TeXMaker (presented below). It offers a nice and clean user interface along with a great platform for collaborating with coauthors which includes change tracking, .git, and more. Nonetheless, the template provided here can be uploaded and used there as well. Here is a registration link to overleaf .
Getting started with LaTeX can be a little discouraging. LaTeX has a learning curve, but, its totally worth the effort!
This post contains some tips and tricks for LaTeX beginners and will help you write your first paper using LaTeX.
Skip to the gist at the bottom of the page for the download links without detail.
Step 0: The TeX distribution
If you are working on windows (like me) you need to install a TeX distribution (like MiKTeX ) first . The editor is used to create and edit the TeX code, while the TeX distribution is used to compile and create the pdf file.
So install MikTex . Make sure to do this before you install the editor. This way you won’t have to worry about configuring the editor to use it.
Step 1: The editor
I work with Texmaker. I found that it has some great customization features That I really like.
So, install Texmaker .
After you install it I recommend doing the following:

- Adjust font size: options -> Configure Texmaker,-> editor (on the left) -> editor font size. I like 11.
Step 2: The Paper
Now that you have everything set up you can start working on your paper.
Before you do, I highly recommend watching these youtube tutorials by Michelle Krummel. It will help you understand the basics.
Now that you know the basics you can simply download this template and read the following explanations without actually having to do anything.
- Download this template .
- Extract the template files into your working directory (keep the zip file for future papers).
- Open “ main.tex ” in TexMaker.
- Run a quick build.
- BOOM ! Your first paper in LaTeX is ready! (assuming that you had no errors)
Now let us try to understand what is going on in the template:
The Preamble
The preamble includes all lines that come before:
In the preamble, you define many things. Usually, you will define the type of document, which packages to use and other custom definitions.
The document class is defined by :
Here you can set the paper size, one or two columns, font syze etc.
I included some useful packages. There are surely more packages that you will need in the future but this will get you started.
The document
The document is whatever comes between
You can basically start writing your entire document here.
I recommend working slightly differently and use separate files for the different sections.
Most papers have the same general structure (names may change according to the field and other sections may be added) :
- Introduction
- Related Work
- Approach / Method
- Summary / Conclusion
In the template, each section has its own .tex file inside the “ sections ” subdirectory.
The following lines basically insert these separate .tex files into the main document.
In TexMaker you can see them on the left. Simply clicking them will open each file for editing.
If you want to be able to compile the main file (without having to go back to it each time you edit a section) you can simply choose the Options -> Define current document as ‘Master Document’ option (make sure you are editing the main document when doing so).
Assets are valuable things (by definition). In our case, it usually refers to images and figures but can include any other type of file that your .tex file uses. In the template, I created an assets folder. You can simply place all your images in it.
makes sure that the compiler will know where to find our images.
Figures and Tables
To insert a figure into the document you can use :
Here the image name is “ test.jpg ” (it is located inside the assets directory). The label you give here is the string you will use in order to reference this figure in the text ( in this case its “fig:approach”).
I recommend adopting a labeling method that uses a colon between the type of element you want to reference and its description. In this case “fig” is the type and stands for figure and “approach” is the image description (I use “sec” for sections, “eq” for equations and “table” for tables).
To reference this figure in the text use
TexMaker will help you with some autocomplete options so make sure to give short, yet meaningful descriptions.
Tables are super important in scientific work and I must say that I find styling them super annoying in LaTeX.
To insert a table use the following code:
Make sure that you have the following line in the preamble
I won’t go into detail here. I refer the interested reader to this page .
If you find yourself lost, you can try this online LaTeX table generator .
You will mostly insert math into the text using equations but sometimes you will want to insert math inline into the text.
For inline text, simply use the $ sign to open and close the math you wish to write, like this:
If you need a numbered equation then simply use:
Here is a tip – if you have a really complicated equation and you are not a LaTeX Guru yet, you can use some software tools to help you get the code. I used MathType to style my equations and then exported the LaTeX code. There are also some free online tools like this one.
I was working on a document with some collaborators and found that using tagged footnotes useful (though, not as good as review mode in Microsoft word). If a collaborator wants to write a comment regarding a specific region of the text you can simply create a tag for him using:
Now wherever you write
You will get a footnote with your name followed by a colon in the beginning of the comment.
I use BibTex.
To insert the bibliography simply use
In your “ reference.bib ” file you place your references.
For example here is a citation of one of my papers :
To cite it in the text simply use:
I use google scholar a lot, you can get your citations from there by clicking cite (now its the ” symbol to the bottom left of each entry) and click BibTex to get the code. PAY ATTENTION – google scholar doesn’t get the citations right about 60% of the time. I had to manually edit a lot of references so make sure to do it for each entry as you insert it (and not when you finish the paper because it is very tedious).
Step 3: Becoming a LaTeX Guru
Well, I just recently started so I am still working on this step. I think that the best way to do this is simply to use LaTeX a lot.
If you find yourself stuck trying to do something simple (which in the beginning happens very often) I recommend the following helpful links:
- LaTeX stack exchange – ask a question and you will get an answer (just, read the rules first).
- LaTeX Wikibook – A general guide to LaTeX markup language.
- https://www.sharelatex.com/learn – great detailed explanations and code.
- Michelle Krummel youtube tutorials
If you already read everything or just want the important links without having to scroll through. I summarized it here:
- Install MiKTeX.
- Install TexMaker.
- Download the template .
Keep In Touch

IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
Abstract. Here we present a standard format for academic papers, using a two column layout. This example lets you get started right away, and includes some sample text and formulae to help learn how to write LaTeX. Click below to get started.
This is a latex template for graduate works, masters dissertation and doctoral thesis at the School of Technology (FT) of the University of Campinas (UNICAMP). The template is in accordance with the latest version of the Norms for the printing of thesis/dissertations of the UNICAMP (CCPG Nº 002/2021). The comments in the files are in Portuguese.
Writing LaTeX Code documentclass LATEX has several templates, selected using ndocumentclass Classes: book report article letter beamer Etc. You’ll be using the ‘article’ class for your paper, ‘beamer’ class for your presentation
To write a research paper using LaTeX, you have to write a text file with the .tex extension using a formatting language to roughly indicate how your paper should look like. Then, you can run the LaTeX engine to generate a PDF file of your research paper. The following figure illustrate this process:
A simple Google search reveals that there is a LaTeX template for all of the PLOS journals. You can download the plos-latex-template.zip file, which contains three files: plos_latex_template.tex: This is the file you would open in your text or LaTeX editor to write your paper.
Some Features of Latex: 1- Typesetting journal articles, technical reports, books, and slide presentations. 2- Control over large documents containing sectioning, cross-references, tables and...
As long as I can write the paper in a readable manner, it should be fine because the journal will make the format better if the paper is accepted. But if there is a specific style and format of the papers published in the journal which must be fulfilled by the authors, then it is a different story.
Extract the template files into your working directory (keep the zip file for future papers). Open “main.tex” in TexMaker. Run a quick build. BOOM ! Your first paper in LaTeX is ready! (assuming that you had no errors) Now let us try to understand what is going on in the template: The Preamble. The preamble includes all lines that come before: