defend thesis意味

Defending a thesis is presenting your research work to a professors’ panel to grade your presentation abilities. Also, your argument during the presentation ascertains that you understood your research topic. But, you must submit your thesis or dissertation first so that your lecturer can grade it before your defense presentation.

Most students want to know what defending thesis means after or when about to complete their graduate degrees. In most countries, writing a thesis is a vital part of finishing a graduate degree. Generally, a thesis or a dissertation is a significant paper related to the student’s study field. After handing in a thesis, the professor or lecturer assigns the learner the data for defending their work.

A thesis defense presentation occurs during a meeting comprising a committee of at least two professors and the student. The professors belong to the student’s program. Also, the session can include professionals from other learning institutions or experts in the student’s study field. The meeting attendees ask the students some questions about their work to understand their focus area and field.

Usually, these questions are open-minded, requiring the learner to think about the work critically. Since the student submits the paper for evaluation before the presentation, the panel already understands the work. But the board doesn’t design the questions to require the student to defend their work aggressively. In most cases, this procedure is a formality for getting a degree.

What Is The Purpose Of Dissertation Defense?

The thesis or dissertation defense aims to achieve two things.

First, it provides a presentation occasion and recognition of the accomplished doctoral work. Second, it presents a chance for formal evaluation and discussion of your thesis.

Ideally, the purpose of the dissertation defense is to assess the completed research work’s merits and the doctoral candidate’s ability to explain or interpret their research outcomes and implications. After the dissertation committee chair deems the paper ready for a defense, they allow the student to schedule their presentation meeting.

The student contacts the committee members to identify the time and date acceptable to them. Also, the learner secures the conference room for the presentation and serves all committee members with copies of the thesis.

What Does It Mean To Defend A Thesis Successfully?

The requirements of a dissertation defense process vary from one learning institution to another. However, a successful defense entails presenting the main argument to the dissertation committee or academic faculty with primary points evidence.

A good defense must have clear and convincing logic lending credence to the primary concept that the body of the paper advances. For instance, if your thesis argues that consuming meat is unethical, you may present arguments about animal abuse cruelty from farms and factories to make your claim legitimate.

How Long Is A Thesis Defense?

At this point, you’re no longer bothered by the question, what does it mean to defend your dissertation? However, you want to know your presentation or defense duration. The duration of a dissertation presentation or defense depends on the degree requirements and the institution.

Perhaps, the best way to know the duration your presentation should take is to consult your institution or department. But a dissertation defense takes 20 minutes in most cases, though it can take up to two or more hours. Also, the presentation duration and the number of questions the committee has for the candidate will influence this duration.

What’s more, the nature of your thesis will determine the duration of its defense. For instance, a master’s thesis takes longer to defend than a bachelor’s thesis. Nevertheless, your defense should fit the introduction, literature review, findings, and more time structuring the presentation. Therefore, take adequate time to prepare for the session. All in all, several factors, including your academic field and paper, determine the duration of the session.

How To Prepare For A Thesis Defense

Adequate preparation is among the best tips for ensuring a successful dissertation defense. Therefore, ensure that you understand the content of your thesis and the questions to expect from the dissertation panel. Also, ensure that you have a timetable showing the chronology of the presentation day.

The dissertation committee expects you to keep time because if you delay, you may have to wait for the next time the panel will allocate your defense. Additionally, make sure that you’ve handed in your thesis at least a month before the defense date.

How To Prepare For Thesis Defense In Six Steps

The end of a graduate degree might seem far away when starting. However, it comes up faster than most learners think. Perhaps, that’s because working on a thesis is a lot of work. What’s more, you have to master the content of your paper to ensure a successful defense. Additionally, decide the best way to present and defend your thesis. For instance, select the defense template, theme, and structure. After that, follow these steps from our best academic editing help and thesis writers to prepare a successful dissertation defense.

Follow these tips, and you will be ready for the defense when the day comes. But the essential thing is to master the content of your paper and anticipate questions that the committee might ask.

How To Start A Thesis Defense Presentation

Once you have everything ready for the presentation, follow these steps to start your dissertation defense presentation.

Practical Thesis Defense Tips: How To Do It

After starting defending your thesis, delve deeper into the oral presentation of your work using appropriate sound equipment and visual aids. Follow this format to present your dissertation.

Introduction: Explain why the study was necessary Literature review: Tell the committee about the findings of other scholars on your subject or topic. Research methodology: Explain the research methods you used in your study and why. Findings: Explain your research findings to the committee. Discussion: Discuss your findings and deductions. Implications, suggestions, limitations, and conclusions: Explain the impact of your study, setbacks, and findings. Also, suggest a path for future studies on the topic or subject. Answer questions: The committee members will ask you questions and expect you to respond. Leave the room: After presenting your defense and answering the committee’s questions, you can leave the room to allow the panelists to deliberate. Come back to the room: The committee will invite you back after the deliberations. The supervisor will share the committee’s decision with you.

The student receives all written work copies after the oral examination. Remember to observe dissertation defense etiquette even if the committee asks questions that deem unnecessary to you. Be polite, formal, and composed throughout the presentation.

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How long is a thesis paper?

The length of your thesis will depend on your faculty, department, or study field. However, a bachelor’s thesis is usually 40 to 60 pages long. On the other hand, a master’s thesis ranges between 60 and 100 pages. A Ph.D. thesis has an average of 204 pages.

Nevertheless, the actual words for a Ph.D. thesis depend on the university and the subject. That’s because most learning institutions set the length requirements. Learning institutions set the minimum length and not the maximum word count or page number in most cases. Therefore, ask the supervisor about your paper’s length before learning how to defend your dissertation.

How long is a thesis defense?

The dissertation defense duration depends on the technicality of the paper and the degree that a student is pursuing. An undergraduate degree’s defense can last an hour, while a master’s degree defense can take one and a half hours. A Ph.D. degree defense can last two or more hours.

What happens during a thesis or dissertation defense?

The professors allocate the students time for their presentation or defense. After that, the panelists will ask questions, and the student will answer. The committee requests the student to summarize their study deductions in some cases

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What is a Thesis Defense?

If you're researching a master's degree, you'll likely come across the phrase "thesis defense" among the list of requirements for earning an advanced degree. This formal-sounding requirement usually comes at the end of a graduate program. As a student seeking a master's degree, your thesis defines your educational experience at the university. Once you've completed all the necessary coursework and finished any internship or practicum experiences, you will be required to meet with a committee to defend your work. Details of a defense vary by college, but there are some general things to keep in mind as you embark on the graduate process.

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What is a Thesis?

In most schools, the thesis represents a student's collective understanding of his or her program and major. Students who major in English, for example, typically explore language, literary themes, a specific author's work or a similar topic when writing a thesis paper. Universities often require theses to consist of a prospectus, which outlines the intent of the paper, and a full-length paper treatment of a particular topic. In the natural sciences, theses might cover experiments or hypothetical situations in which a student researches certain elements of his or her field.

Theses projects demand full attention, and many schools require that students devote an entire semester to completing the research and resulting paper. Students work with a faculty committee or adviser on a close basis to make sure that the research stays on schedule. Depending on the level of degree, a thesis paper can be extremely complex.

Defending the Work

Once students submit their theses papers to the thesis committee, they will be assigned a date to defend their work. In this case, "defend" does not imply that a student will have to argue aggressively about his or her work. Rather, the thesis defense is designed so that faculty members can ask questions and make sure that students actually understand their field and focus area. Defending a thesis largely serves as a formality because the paper will already have been evaluated. During a defense, a student will be asked questions by members of the thesis committee. Questions are usually open-ended and require that the student think critically about his or her work. A defense might take only 20 minutes, or it might take an hour or more depending on the goal of the committee and the requirements of the program.

Preparation for Your Thesis Defense

Students have months to prepare for a defense . Schools want graduate candidates to be as prepared as possible when attending a defense, which means that neither the date nor faculty committee will be a surprise to the student. It's important to keep in mind that if you go into a defense with the right attitude and preparation, failing is nearly impossible. The committee wants to see how well you know your subject and your research. Nerves may get the better of you as you face unknown questions, but as with a job interview, practicing ahead of time will lead to a successful defense.

Facing a defense can be stressful, but think of it as an opportunity to share what you've learned. Remember that you aren't arguing points when you defend your work. Instead, a proper thesis defense gives you and your faculty advisers the chance to discuss your topic and research in greater detail.

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Defend a thesis : 日本語訳, 意味、同義語、反意語、発音、例文、文字起こし、定義、フレーズ

Sentences with «defend a thesis»

意味・対訳防衛、防御、守備、守備(の方法)、ディフェンス、守備側、防御物、防御施設、弁護、答弁

不可算名詞防衛，防御，守備 (⇔ offense ) 《★ 【発音】 offense と対照させる時には《主に米国で用いられる》ではしばしば /díːfens/と発音される》.

不可算名詞【スポーツ】守備 ( の方法 ), ディフェンス .

[ the defense ; 集合的に] 【スポーツ】ディフェンス，守備側《ゴールを守る選手 [ チーム ]; ★ 【用法】集合体と考える時には単数，構成要素を考える時には複数扱い》.

[ 複数形で] 【陸海軍, 軍事】防御施設 .

可算名詞 [ 通例単数形で] 弁護，答弁 ; 主張 ; ( 民事で) 抗弁 .

[ the defense ; 集合的に] 被告側《被告とその弁護士 ; ★ 【用法】 2b と同じ ; ⇔ prosecution 》.

「defense」を含む例文一覧

該当件数 : 2323 件

national defense 発音を聞く例文帳に追加

国防. - 研究社新英和中辞典

defense spending 例文帳に追加

国防費 - Eゲイト英和辞典

an appropriation for defense 発音を聞く例文帳に追加

国防費. - 研究社新英和中辞典

a defense budget 発音を聞く例文帳に追加

国防予算. - 研究社新英和中辞典

in defense of… 発音を聞く例文帳に追加

…を守るため. - 研究社新英和中辞典

a defense network 発音を聞く例文帳に追加

防衛網. - 研究社新英和中辞典

the right of self ‐ defense 発音を聞く例文帳に追加

自衛権. - 研究社新英和中辞典

defense [defence]

¶" good health clause " defense

「健康体条項」の抗弁

¶ the defense

¶ time limit on certain defense

誰かまたは何かを攻撃または怪我から守る行為

( the act of defending someone or something against attack or injury )

( protection from harm )

潜在的な敵から国を保護する軍事行動あるいは資源

( military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies )

自分にかけられている嫌疑の事実を否定する、被告側の回答または答弁

(a defendant 's answer or plea denying the truth of the charges against him)

攻撃に対する防衛用に用いられる構造

(a structure used to defend against attack )

ある行為または信念に対する正当化

(the justification for some act or belief )

あなたの主張の攻撃に応じている言語行為論

(the speech act of answering an attack on your assertions )

攻撃に抵抗する防衛者たちの組織

( an organization of defenders that provides resistance against attack )

集合的に被告人とその法律に関する助言者たち

(the defendant and his legal advisors collectively )

他のチームが得点することを防ごうとするチーム

( the team that is trying to prevent the other team from scoring )

米国の国家安全の保護を担当する連邦の省

(the federal department responsible for safeguarding national security of the United States )

本能的欲求に関連する不安を軽くしようとする無意識の作用

( an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires )

Defense (military)

Defense (sports).

defence ( British )

From French défense , itself from Late Latin dēfensa ( “ protection ” ) . Displaced native 古期英語 bewering .

defense ( countable かつ uncountable , 複数形 defenses ) ( 米国用法 spelling )

both offense and defense

a defensive formation

invigilation

afford [ give , provide ] protection

to place a person under an escort

make defenseless

counsel for the defense

ふたをする → uncover ふたを取る .

to fight in defense 発音を聞く例文帳に追加

防戦する - EDR日英対訳辞書

the art of self - defense 発音を聞く例文帳に追加

護身術 - EDR日英対訳辞書

to plead in defense 発音を聞く例文帳に追加

弁護する - EDR日英対訳辞書

a role in the Japan Self - Defense Forces , called a self - defense force official 発音を聞く例文帳に追加

自衛官という職業 - EDR日英対訳辞書

a person who is a self - defense force official in the Japan Self - Defense Forces 発音を聞く例文帳に追加

自衛官である人 - EDR日英対訳辞書

costs expended on defense , called defense costs 発音を聞く例文帳に追加

防衛に支出される経費 - EDR日英対訳辞書

(the) counsel for the defense 発音を聞く例文帳に追加

被告側弁護士. - 研究社新英和中辞典

a strong defense 発音を聞く例文帳に追加

守りが堅いこと - EDR日英対訳辞書

defenseのページの著作権英和辞典情報提供元は参加元一覧にて確認できます。

3 associate

英語 (アメリカ) 準ネイティブ

"thesis defence" は日本語で何と言いますか？質問を翻訳

@guppy 学位審査がフォーマルですが、若者はカタカナでシンプルに「ディフェンス」と言ったりします。例文「論文提出したし、あとは明日のディフェンスだけだね。」

興味ある言語のレベルを表しています。レベルを設定すると、他のユーザーがあなたの質問に回答するときの参考にしてくれます。

この言語で回答されると理解できない。

簡単な内容であれば理解できる。

少し長めの文章でもある程度は理解できる。

長い文章や複雑な内容でもだいたい理解できる。

いいねやスタンプでは伝えられない感謝の気持ちを伝えられます。

ギフトを贈ると、贈った相手から回答をもらいやすくなります。

ギフトを贈ったあとで自分が質問を投稿すると、相手のフィードのギフト専用エリアに表示されます。

アプリなら、もっと手軽に疑問が解決！

"thesis defence" は日本語 ...

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defendの意味 - 小学館プログレッシブ英和中辞典

Defend new playsound('#playsound_ej-22428');.

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Preparing For Your Dissertation Defense

13 Key Questions To Expect In The Viva Voce

By: Derek Jansen (MBA) & David Phair (PhD) . Reviewed By: Dr Eunice Rautenbach | June 2021

Preparing for your dissertation or thesis defense (also called a “viva voce”) is a formidable task . All your hard work over the years leads you to this one point, and you’ll need to defend yourself against some of the most experienced researchers you’ve encountered so far.

It’s natural to feel a little nervous.

In this post, we’ll cover some of the most important questions you should be able to answer in your viva voce, whether it’s for a Masters or PhD degree. Naturally, they might not arise in exactly the same form (some may not come up at all), but if you can answer these questions well, it means you’re in a good position to tackle your oral defense.

Viva Voce Prep: 13 Essential Questions

#1: What is your study about and why did you choose to research this in particular?

This question, a classic party starter, is pretty straightforward.

What the dissertation or thesis committee is assessing here is your ability to clearly articulate your research aims, objectives and research questions in a concise manner. Concise is the keyword here – you need to clearly explain your research topic without rambling on for a half-hour. Don’t feel the need to go into the weeds here – you’ll have many opportunities to unpack the details later on.

In the second half of the question, they’re looking for a brief explanation of the justification of your research. In other words, why was this particular set of research aims, objectives and questions worth addressing? To address this question well in your oral defense, you need to make it clear what gap existed within the research and why that gap was worth filling.

#2: How did your research questions evolve during the research process?

Good research generally follows a long and winding path . It’s seldom a straight line (unless you got really lucky). What they’re assessing here is your ability to follow that path and let the research process unfold.

Specifically, they’ll want to hear about the impact that the literature review process had on you in terms of shaping the research aims, objectives and research questions. For example, you may have started with a certain set of aims, but then as you immersed yourself in the literature, you may have changed direction. Similarly, your initial fieldwork findings may have turned out some unexpected data that drove you to adjust or expand on your initial research questions.

Long story short – a good defense involves clearly describing your research journey , including all the twists and turns. Adjusting your direction based on findings in the literature or the fieldwork shows that you’re responsive , which is essential for high-quality research.

You will need to explain the impact of your literature review in the defense

#3: How did you decide on which sources to include in your literature review?

A comprehensive literature review is the foundation of any high-quality piece of research. With this question, your dissertation or thesis committee are trying to assess which quality criteria and approach you used to select the sources for your literature review.

Typically, good research draws on both the seminal work in the respective field and more recent sources . In other words, a combination of the older landmark studies and pivotal work, along with up-to-date sources that build on to those older studies. This combination ensures that the study has a rock-solid foundation but is not out of date.

So, make sure that your study draws on a mix of both the “classics” and new kids on the block, and take note of any major evolutions in the literature that you can use as an example when asked this question in your viva voce.

#4: How did you design your study and why did you take this approach?

This is a classic methodological question that you can almost certainly expect in some or other shape.

What they’re looking for here is a clear articulation of the research design and justification of each choice . So, you need to be able to walk through each design choice and clearly explain both what you did and why you did it. The why is particularly important – you need to be able to justify each choice you made by clearly linking your design back to your research aims, objectives and research questions, while also taking into account practical constraints.

To ensure you cover every base, check out our research methodology vlog post , as well as our post covering the Research Onion .

You have to justify every choice in your dissertation defence

#5: How generalizable and valid are the findings?

This question is aimed at specifically digging into your understanding of the sample and how that relates to the population, as well as potential validity issues in your methodology.

To answer question this well, you’ll need to critically assess your sample and findings and consider if they truly apply to the entire population, as well as whether they assessed what they set out to. Note that there are two components here – generalizability and validity . Generalizability is about how well the sample represents the population. Validity is about how accurately you’ve measured what you intended to measure.

To ace this part of your dissertation defense, make sure that you’re very familiar with the concepts of generalizability , validity and reliability , and how these apply to your research. Remember, you don’t need to achieve perfection – you just need to be aware of the strengths and weaknesses of your research (and how the weaknesses could be improved upon).

Need a helping hand?

#6: What were the main shortcomings and limitations created by your research design?

This question picks up where the last one left off.

As I mentioned, it’s perfectly natural that your research will have shortcomings and limitations as a result of your chosen design and methodology. No piece of research is flawless. Therefore, a good dissertation defense is not about arguing that your work is perfect, but rather it’s about clearly articulating the strengths and weaknesses of your approach.

To address this question well, you need to think critically about all of the potential weaknesses your design may have, as well as potential responses to these (which could be adopted in future research) to ensure you’re well prepared for this question. For a list of common methodological limitations, check out our video about research limitations here .

#7: How did your findings relate to the existing literature?

This common dissertation defense question links directly to your discussion chapter , where you would have presented and discussed the findings in relation to your literature review.

What your dissertation or thesis committee is assessing here is your ability to compare your study’s findings to the findings of existing research . Specifically, you need to discuss which findings aligned with existing research and which findings did not. For those findings that contrasted against existing research, you should also explain what you believe to be the reasons for this.

As with many questions in a viva voce, it’s both the what and the why that matter here. So, you need to think deeply about what the underlying reasons may be for both the similarities and differences between your findings and those of similar studies.

Your dissertation defense needs to compare findings

#8: What were your key findings in relation to the research questions?

This question is similar to the last one in that it too focuses on your research findings. However, here the focus is specifically on the findings that directly relate to your research questions (as opposed to findings in general).

So, a good way to prepare for this question is to step back and revisit your research questions . Ask yourself the following:

Conquering this part dissertation defense requires that you focus squarely on the research questions. Your study will have provided many findings (hopefully!), and not all of these will link directly to the research questions. Therefore, you need to clear your mind of all of the fascinating side paths your study may have lead you down and regain a clear focus on the research questions .

#9: Were there any findings that surprised you?

This question is two-pronged.

First, you should discuss the surprising findings that were directly related to the original research questions . Going into your research, you likely had some expectations in terms of what you would find, so this is your opportunity to discuss the outcomes that emerged as contrary to what you initially expected. You’ll also want to think about what the reasons for these contrasts may be.

Second, you should discuss the findings that weren’t directly related to the research questions, but that emerged from the data set . You may have a few or you may have none – although generally there are a handful of interesting musings that you can glean from the data set. Again, make sure you can articulate why you find these interesting and what it means for future research in the area.

What the committee is looking for in this type of question is your ability to interpret the findings holistically and comprehensively , and to respond to unexpected data. So, take the time to zoom out and reflect on your findings thoroughly.

#10: What biases may exist in your research?

Biases… we all have them.

For this question, you’ll need to think about potential biases in your research , in the data itself but also in your interpretation of the data. With this question, your committee is assessing whether you have considered your own potential biases and the biases inherent in your analysis approach (i.e. your methodology). So, think carefully about these research biases and be ready to explain how these may exist in your study.

In an oral defense, this question is often followed up with a question on how the biases were mitigated or could be mitigated in future research. So, give some thought not just to what biases may exist, but also the mitigation measures (in your own study and for future research).

#11: How can your findings be put into practice?

Another classic question in the typical viva voce.

With this question, your committee is assessing your ability to bring your findings back down to earth and demonstrate their practical value and application. Importantly, this question is not about the contribution to academia or the overall field of research (we’ll get to that next) – it is specifically asking about how this newly created knowledge can be used in the real world.

Naturally, the actionability of your findings will vary depending on the nature of your research topic. Some studies will produce many action points and some won’t. If you’re researching marketing strategies within an industry, for example, you should be able to make some very specific recommendations for marketing practitioners in that industry.

To help you flesh out points for this question, look back at your original justification for the research (i.e. in your introduction and literature review chapters). What were the driving forces that led you to research your specific topic? That justification should help you identify ways in which your findings can be put into practice.

#12: How has your research contributed to current thinking in the field?

While the previous question was aimed at practical contribution, this question is aimed at theoretical contribution . In other words, what is the significance of your study within the current body of research? How does it fit into the existing research and what does it add to it?

This question is often asked by a field specialist and is used to assess whether you’re able to place your findings into the research field to critically convey what your research contributed. This argument needs to be well justified – in other words, you can’t just discuss what your research contributed, you need to also back each proposition up with a strong why .

To answer this question well, you need to humbly consider the quality and impact of your work and to be realistic in your response. You don’t want to come across as arrogant (“my work is groundbreaking”), nor do you want to undersell the impact of your work. So, it’s important to strike the right balance between realistic and pessimistic .

This question also opens the door to questions about potential future research . So, think about what future research opportunities your study has created and which of these you feel are of the highest priority.

Discuss your contribution in your thesis defence

#13: If you could redo your research, how would you alter your approach?

This question is often used to wrap up a viva voce as it brings the discussion full circle.

Here, your committee is again assessing your ability to clearly identify and articulate the limitations and shortcomings of your research, both in terms of research design and topic focus . Perhaps, in hindsight, it would have been better to use a different analysis method or data set. Perhaps the research questions should have leaned in a slightly different direction. And so on.

This question intends to assess whether you’re able to look at your work critically , assess where the weaknesses are and make recommendations for the future. This question often sets apart those who did the research purely because it was required, from those that genuinely engaged with their research. So, don’t hold back here – reflect on your entire research journey ask yourself how you’d do things differently if you were starting with a blank canvas today.

Recap: The 13 Key Dissertation Defense Questions

To recap, here are the 13 questions you need to be ready for to ace your dissertation or thesis oral defense:

As I mentioned, this list of dissertation defense questions is certainly not exhaustive – don’t assume that we’ve covered every possible question here. However, these questions are quite likely to come up in some shape or form in a typical dissertation or thesis defense, whether it’s for a Master’s degree, PhD or any other research degree. So, you should take the time to make sure you can answer them well.

If you need assistance preparing for your dissertation defense or viva voce, get in touch with us to discuss 1-on-1 coaching. We can critically review your research and identify potential issues and responses, as well as undertake a mock oral defense to prepare you for the pressures and stresses on the day.

Psst… there’s more (for free)

This post is part of our research writing mini-course, which covers everything you need to get started with your dissertation, thesis or research project.

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修士論文（Thesis）と博士論文（Dissertation）の意義と違い

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大学院の学位を取得するには、通常、それぞれの課程で論文を執筆する必要があります。ところが、「論文」を示す語には幾つかの類義語があり、修士論文（thesis）と博士論文（dissertation）の意味と使い分けにも、混乱が見られることがあります。ここでは、この2つの言葉の意味の違いを整理してみます。

ThesisとDissertationの意味は、英国においてすら時代によって変わってきました。シェイクスピアの時代、修士号取得を目指す者はthesisを書く必要がありました。この場合、thesisとは特定の意見を主張した原著論文です。これに対し、博士号取得を目指す者にはdissertationの提出と発表が求められました。審査会に対してthesis（論文）を読み上げると、2人の委員が読み上げた内容の一つ一つに対して異議を唱えていくのを静かに待ちます。この審査の焦点は、その学生の考えと、考えを明確に整理して伝える能力です。学生が研究者としての道に進むことを望む場合、dissertationは避けては通れません。この時代のdissertationは、どちらかと言えば文献レビューのようなものでした。学生は特定の分野について幅広く本を読み、発見したことをまとめ、さまざまな機関やその意見について考察します。学生が対象分野の文献に精通していることを示すことが目的だったのです。

では現在、thesisとdissertationはそれぞれどのような意味で使われているのでしょうか。

修士論文（Thesis）と博士論文（Dissertation）とは

学位習得には高度な知識を要する学術論文を仕上げる必要があり、一般的には、大学院の修士号習得を目指す学生の書く修士論文をThesis、博士号習得を目指す学生が執筆する博士論文をDissertationと使い分けていますが、博士論文はDoctoral thesisと呼ばれることもあるようです。

修士論文（thesis）とは、研究成果に関する批評的な学術文書です。一般的には、修士課程を卒業予定の学生が提出します。修士論文の目的は、所属する課程の一環として研究してきた対象分野における専門知識や見解を示すことにあります。

博士論文（dissertation）とは、比較的長めの学術文書で、博士課程で行ってきた研究成果についてまとめたものです。博士論文を提出、発表した後、審査会での審査を経て博士号を取得することができます。この論文は、候補者が取り組んできた独創的な研究、あるいは、新規または既存の研究テーマを拡大させた研究に関する全ての情報を含めたものになります。

修士論文（Thesis）と博士論文（Dissertation）の違い

修士論文（Thesis）と博士論文（Dissertation）の類似点

地域での使い方の違い：ヨーロッパとアメリカ

言葉の意味や使い方が時と共に変わってくることは多々ありますが、地域や言語によって違うこともあります。修士論文（Thesis）と博士論文（Dissertation）の使い方もヨーロッパとアメリカでは異なっています。

ヨーロッパでの意味は昔からほとんど変わっていません。博士号を取得するために行われる独自研究に焦点を当てた論文（thesis）を博士論文をdoctoral thesisと称し、より広範な大学院での研究プロジェクトの一部をdissertationと称しています。しかし近年では、独自の研究に多くの背景調査が求められていることから、thesisの焦点は今まで通り原著論文にあるものの、thesisの意味が先行研究の広範な引用や参照も含めたものに変化してきています。

アメリカでは、thesisの定義がヨーロッパとはほぼ真逆です。thesisがdissertationよりも短いことから、次第にthesisは最高学位である博士号を目指す過程の前段階での学位取得における論文を意味するように転じていきました。現在では、thesisは修士号を取得するために執筆する論文とされています。

そして、修士課程と博士課程に対する考え方には、分野によっては差があるようです。科学分野において、修士号取得を目指す学生は高度に専門的なクラスを受講し、研究プロジェクトで実践的な経験を積みますが、博士課程の学生と同じレベルで研究に携わることはありません。修士課程では、学生の意見は歓迎され、期待される一方で、その焦点はやはり専門知識の取得にあり、独自の研究を行うことはありません。工学系の学生は、修士号までは取得しても博士号まで目指すことは稀です。化学などの他の分野の学生には、大学院を途中でやめ、修士課程のプロジェクトとして不完全な研究の論文を執筆して修士号を取得する人もいるようです。

ThesisとDissertationの違い、修士論文と博士論文の違いはつかめましたか？ここまでの話をまとめると、修士論文（thesis）と博士論文（dissertation）は別のものなので、この2つの言葉の使い方を混同するのは避けるべきだということです。それぞれの論文を書く目的を理解しておいてください。修士論文（thesis）と博士論文（dissertation）のどちらを書いている場合でも、真剣に取り組む必要があり、非常に専門的なスキルとソフトスキルが求められます。いずれの学術文章を執筆するのでも、時間の管理や学術ライティングのスキルを向上させることは、学術文書の執筆において非常に役立つことでしょう。

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英語での defend の意味

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defend verb ( PROTECT )

トピックで関連した単語、句、類義語も探せます:

Cambridge の English Vocabulary in Use で語彙力をレベルアップしよう。自信をもって会話するのに必要な言葉を学ぼう。

defend verb ( IN LAW )

defend verb ( IN SPORT )

defend | アメリカ英語辞典

Defend verb ( sports ), defend | ビジネス英語.

groundbreaking

If something is groundbreaking, it is very new and a big change from other things of its type.

Watch your back! Idioms with the word ‘back’

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defend を下のリストに加える。または新しいリストを作成する。

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IMAGES

Defend Your Thesis Proposal Like a Professional
Defending Your Thesis
ppt Thesis defend
Dissertation defended before schedule tonight
How to Defend your Thesis Proposal like a Professional
KEEP CALM AND DEFEND YOUR THESIS

VIDEO

Phd Defence of Max C. Mimpen
Phd Defence of Johanne C.C. Rauwenhoff
Phd Defence of Maria Adriana Vogels-Broeke
David Vos and his unicycle robot
Phd Defence of Guiseppe Nasso
Phd Defence of Elisa D’Alessandro and Billy Scaf

COMMENTS

What Does it Mean to Defend a Thesis?
The thesis is typically the final aspect of attaining a master's degree while individuals who complete a dissertation do so to obtain a doctoral degree. Defending a Thesis-The Basics Individuals who write a graduate-level thesis will almost always be required to defend a thesis.
defendの4つの意味と使い方【英会話で絶対使う】例文多数
『defend』の意味・使い方1：攻撃から守る一つ目の意味は、攻撃から守る。物理的な攻撃を防いだりすることや、批判や言葉などでの攻撃から守るという意味で使います。責めてきた相手を力で追い払う、打ち負かす、といったイメージがあります。よく使う表現は、 defend A against/from B ：BからAを守る defend oneself ：自分自身を守る例文を見てみると、 Akiko can defend herself. 訳：アキコは自分で自分を守れる。 We need to defend him. 訳：彼を守らなければならない。 ★物理的な攻撃から守る、といった意味の例文を見てみましょう♪ The army is defending our country.
defend a thesis
"defend a thesis"の用例多数 ... はわたしたちがユーザの自由を守ろうとする試みを部分的に放棄しているということを意味し、GPLの及ぶソフトウェアの上に築かれたものを共有するための要件の一部を放棄していることにもなります。
Thesis Defense: Everything To Know About Defending A Thesis
Defending a thesis is presenting your research work to a professors' panel to grade your presentation abilities. Also, your argument during the presentation ascertains that you understood your research topic. But, you must submit your thesis or dissertation first so that your lecturer can grade it before your defense presentation.
What Is A Thesis Defense?
Defending a thesis largely serves as a formality because the paper will already have been evaluated. During a defense, a student will be asked questions by members of the thesis committee. Questions are usually open-ended and require that the student think critically about his or her work.
Defend thesis: 日本語訳, 意味、同義語、反意語、発音、例文、文字起こし、定義、フレーズ
«Defend thesis»の翻訳、定義、意味、文字起こし、例を表示し、同義語、反意語を学び、«Defend thesis»の発音を聞いてください。
Defend a thesis: 日本語訳, 意味、同義語、反意語、発音、例文、文字起こし、定義、フレーズ
«Defend a thesis»の翻訳、定義、意味、文字起こし、例を表示し、同義語、反意語を学び、«Defend a thesis»の発音を聞いてください。メニュー
thesis defenseの意味・使い方・読み方
thesis defense 1 国防費. 例文 an appropriation for defense 2 段階的抑止戦略. 例文 graduated deterrence 3 副防禦例文 auxiliary defences 4 予防薬例文 a preventive 5 保護関税例文 protective tariffs 6 保護貿易主義の支持者例文 an advocate of protectionism 7 防御性の態度例文 an attitude of defensiveness 8 対抗策例文 countermeasures 9 浸透可能な防御物例文 penetrable defenses 10 侵攻可能な防御例文
【thesis defense】は日本語で何と言いますか？
食べ納めはどういう意味ですかは日本語で何と言いますか？ Давай поужинаем? は日本語で何と言いますか？ happy new year in advance は日本語で何と言いますか？ frozen as in "you're frozen" on a video chat は日本語で何と言いますか？
英語「defense」の意味・使い方・読み方
日本語WordNet (英和)での「defense」の意味 defense 名詞 1 誰かまたは何かを攻撃または怪我から守る行為 ( the act of defending someone or something against attack or injury) a good boxer needs a good defense 良いボクサーには、良い防御が必要である 2 危害からの防御 ( protection from harm) sanitation is the best defense against disease 衛生設備は、病気を防ぐ一番の防衛策だ 3
defend one's thesis 意味
defend defend v. 防御する, 防護する; 弁護する; 擁護する. 【副詞1】 I was ably defended by my lawyer. thesis thesis n. (pl. theses) 論題; 論文. 【動詞＋】 accept a thesis 論文を受け取る When 隣接する単語 "defend one's property" 意味 "defend one's reputation" 意味 "defend one's rights" 意味 "defend one's security" 意味 "defend one's statement" 意味 "defend one's title" 意味 "defend one's turf" 意味
thesis defence"】は日本語で何と言いますか？
"thesis defence" は日本語で何と言いますか？質問を翻訳 After you write a thesis/dissertation, perhaps for PhD, or for high school, on a certain date you have to come to your school/university and the teachers ask you questions about it and you have to talk about the thesis, and then they give you the final grade for it.
defendの意味
defend 音節 de • fend 発音 difénd 基本単語レベル [動] 1 他〈人・領地などを〉（敵・攻撃などから）守る，防衛[防御]する；自防衛[防御]する≪ against ， from ≫（⇔ attack ） defend the island against invaders 侵略者から島を守る 1a 他（スポーツで）〈ゴールを〉守る；自守備をする，守る 1b 他自〈チャンピオンが〉（タイトルなどを）守る，防衛する defend the world title 世界選手権を防衛する 2 他〈人・考えなどを〉（証拠などをあげて）擁護[支持]する，…の正当性を主張する defend the decision 決定は妥当だと主張する
Preparing For A Viva Voce (Dissertation Defence)
Preparing for your dissertation or thesis defense (also called a "viva voce") is a formidable task. All your hard work over the years leads you to this one point, and you'll need to defend yourself against some of the most experienced researchers you've encountered so far. It's natural to feel a little nervous.
修士論文（Thesis）と博士論文（Dissertation）の意義と違い
修士論文（thesis）とは、研究成果に関する批評的な学術文書です。一般的には、修士課程を卒業予定の学生が提出します。修士論文の目的は、所属する課程の一環として研究してきた対象分野における専門知識や見解を示すことにあります。博士論文（dissertation）とは、比較的長めの学術文書で、博士課程で行ってきた研究成果についてまとめたものです。博士論文を提出、発表した後、審査会での審査を経て博士号を取得することができます。この論文は、候補者が取り組んできた独創的な研究、あるいは、新規または既存の研究テーマを拡大させた研究に関する全ての情報を含めたものになります。修士論文（Thesis）と博士論文（Dissertation）の違い修士論文と博士論文の主な違いは作成時期です。
DEFEND
defend 意味, 定義, defend は何か: 1. to protect someone or something against attack or criticism: 2. to speak or write in support of…. もっと見る
defend a thesis
On January 3, 1983 he was awarded the academic degree candidate of geographical sciences (currently Ph.D.) of the Higher Attestation Commission after defending a thesis "Geographic systematization in studying the daily work commute trips in Bulgaria."defending a thesis "Geographic systematization in studying the daily work commute trips in Bulgaria."
to defend a thesis
Such behaviour, which was strange as well as deplorable, revealed that the Special Rapporteur had his own interpretation of the mandate entrusted to him and seemed ready to defend a particular thesis at all cost, convinced that he had a monopoly on wisdom and could make decisions on the Sudan's behalf.